Intumescent Multilayer Nanocoating, Made with Renewable Polyelectrolytes, for Flame-Retardant CottonClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
Abstract

Thin films of fully renewable and environmentally benign electrolytes, cationic chitosan (CH) and anionic phytic acid (PA), were deposited on cotton fabric via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly in an effort to reduce flammability. Altering the pH of aqueous deposition solutions modifies the composition of the final nanocoating. CH–PA films created at pH 6 were thicker and had 48 wt % PA in the coating, while the thinnest films (with a PA content of 66 wt %) were created at pH 4. Each coating was evaluated at both 30 bilayers (BL) and at the same coating weight added to the fabric. In a vertical flame test, fabrics coated with high PA content multilayers completely extinguished the flame, while uncoated cotton was completely consumed. Microcombustion calorimetry confirmed that all coated fabric reduces peak heat release rate (pkHRR) by at least 50% relative to the uncoated control. Fabric coated with pH 4 solutions shows the greatest reduction in pkHRR and total heat release of 60% and 76%, respectively. This superior performance is believed to be due to high phosphorus content that enhances the intumescent behavior of these nanocoatings. These results demonstrate the first completely renewable intumescent LbL assembly, which conformally coats every fiber in cotton fabric and provides an effective alternative to current flame retardant treatments.
Cited By
Smart citations by scite.ai include citation statements extracted from the full text of the citing article. The number of the statements may be higher than the number of citations provided by ACS Publications if one paper cites another multiple times or lower if scite has not yet processed some of the citing articles.
This article is cited by 336 publications.
- Maya D. Montemayor, Danixa Rodriguez-Melendez, Edward Chang, Dallin L. Smith, Natalie A. Vest, Alexandra Moran, Bethany Palen, Jaime C. Grunlan. Evaporation Induced Flame Retardant Polyelectrolyte Complex for Cotton. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2024, 6
(22)
, 13896-13903. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c02937
- Chunyu Li, Mengqing Zhou, Congling Shi, Xiaodong Qian, Lian Yin, Keqing Zhou. Polydopamine/MXene Nanosheet/Polyaniline/Polydimethylsiloxane Foams for Oil–Water Separation. ACS Applied Nano Materials 2024, 7
(9)
, 10805-10817. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c01290
- Gaobo Lou, Xingwei He, Wangbin Zhang, Qingqing Rao, Shenyuan Fu, Lina Liu, Yi Kuang, Jinfeng Dai. Ultratough Epoxy Resin Based on an Ionic Complex from Phytic Acid. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2024, 63
(4)
, 1875-1883. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.3c03914
- Sensen Han, Qingsong Li, Na Ma, Dongyan Liu, Guoxin Sui, Sherif Araby. Supramolecular-Wrapped α-Zirconium Phosphate Nanohybrid for Fire Safety and Reduced Toxic Emissions of Thermoplastic Polyurethane. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2024, 6
(2)
, 1376-1388. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.3c02481
- Meiqin Wu, Yunhui Chen, Hou-Yong Yu, Xiaosong Liu, Yanjuan Dong, Peng-Cheng Qian, Xiaohua Wang. Cellulose Nanocrystals/Melamine/Phytic Acid Nanocomposites as Thermally Insulating and Flame-Retardant Structural Materials. ACS Applied Nano Materials 2023, 6
(22)
, 20866-20877. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.3c03835
- Yunyun Zhang, Hou-Yong Yu, Yanjuan Dong, Xiaohua Wang, Xuefei Chen, Xue Ma, Peng-Cheng Qian. Facile Strategy to Design a Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Nanocomposite Fire Retardant with Strong Smoke Suppression Efficiency. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2023, 11
(35)
, 12983-12991. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c02458
- Vaishaly Duhan, Nagarjuna Amarnath, Shivani Yadav, Bimlesh Lochab. Greening Biobased Polybenzoxazine Network: Three Benefits in One Go. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2023, 5
(4)
, 2971-2982. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.3c00154
- Yu-Tao Wang, Hai-Bo Zhao, Mo-Lin Guo, Kimberly Degracia, Hua Sun, Ming-Ze Sun, Ze-Yong Zhao, David A. Schiraldi, Yu-Zhong Wang. Rigid and Fire-Resistant All-Biomass Aerogels. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2022, 10
(37)
, 12117-12126. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02109
- Danixa Rodriguez-Melendez, Matthias Langhansl, Alexander Helmbrecht, Bethany Palen, Cordt Zollfrank, Jaime C. Grunlan. Biorenewable Polyelectrolyte Nanocoating for Flame-Retardant Cotton-Based Paper. ACS Omega 2022, 7
(36)
, 32599-32603. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c04194
- Jovana Petkovska, Nina Mladenovic, Darka Marković, Marija Radoičić, Natalie A. Vest, Bethany Palen, Maja Radetić, Jaime C. Grunlan, Igor Jordanov. Flame-Retardant, Antimicrobial, and UV-Protective Lignin-Based Multilayer Nanocoating. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2022, 4
(6)
, 4528-4537. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.2c00520
- Yi-Man Zhong, Di Zhou, Bing-Pan Zhang, Jia-Lu Shen, Gan-Fei Zhu, Zhi-Kang Xu, Ling-Shu Wan. Formation of Metal–Phytic Acid Surface Coatings via Oxidation-Mediated Coordination Assembly. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2022, 4
(1)
, 546-555. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c01446
- Sourabh Kulkarni, Zhiyu Xia, Shiran Yu, Weeradech Kiratitanavit, Alexander B. Morgan, Jayant Kumar, Ravi Mosurkal, Ramaswamy Nagarajan. Bio-Based Flame-Retardant Coatings Based on the Synergistic Combination of Tannic Acid and Phytic Acid for Nylon–Cotton Blends. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2021, 13
(51)
, 61620-61628. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c16474
- Feiyang Wu, Jian Xu, Xueyang Qiu, Shichao Lin, Menghuan Zhang, Meng Ma, Yanqin Shi, Huiwen He, Si Chen, Xu Wang. Super-Low-Addition Biobased Flame Retardant Dedicated to Polylactic Acid through Ionic Reaction between Phytic Acid and Taurine. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2021, 3
(9)
, 4579-4586. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c00671
- Zhenwei Miao, Dongpeng Yan, Teng Zhang, Fan Yang, Shuangkun Zhang, Wei Liu, Zhanpeng Wu. High-Efficiency Flame Retardants of a P–N-Rich Polyphosphazene Elastomer Nanocoating on Cotton Fabric. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2021, 13
(27)
, 32094-32105. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c05884
- Shuang He, Yu-Yang Gao, Ze-Yong Zhao, Sheng-Chao Huang, Zi-Xun Chen, Cong Deng, Yu-Zhong Wang. Fully Bio-Based Phytic Acid–Basic Amino Acid Salt for Flame-Retardant Polypropylene. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2021, 3
(3)
, 1488-1498. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c01356
- Gustavo Schinazi, José Roberto Moraes d’Almeida, Jonathan K. Pokorski, David A. Schiraldi. Bio-Based Flame Retardation of Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2021, 3
(1)
, 372-388. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c01155
- Ping Li, Bin Wang, Ying-Jun Xu, Zhiming Jiang, Chaohong Dong, Yun Liu, Ping Zhu. Ecofriendly Flame-Retardant Cotton Fabrics: Preparation, Flame Retardancy, Thermal Degradation Properties, and Mechanism. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2019, 7
(23)
, 19246-19256. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05523
- Zhengquan Xiong, Yan Zhang, Xiaoyang Du, Pingan Song, Zhengping Fang. Green and Scalable Fabrication of Core–Shell Biobased Flame Retardants for Reducing Flammability of Polylactic Acid. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2019, 7
(9)
, 8954-8963. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01016
- Ning Pan, Yongdong Jin, Xiaoqiang Wang, Xiaoping Hu, Fangting Chi, Hao Zou, Chuanqin Xia. A Self-Assembled Supramolecular Material Containing Phosphoric Acid for Ultrafast and Efficient Capture of Uranium from Acidic Solutions. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2019, 7
(1)
, 950-960. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b04596
- Maryam Ghanadpour, Federico Carosio, Marcus C. Ruda, Lars Wågberg. Tuning the Nanoscale Properties of Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanofibril-Based Thin Films To Achieve Highly Fire-Protecting Coatings for Flammable Solid Materials. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2018, 10
(38)
, 32543-32555. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b10309
- Oruç Köklükaya, Federico Carosio, and Lars Wågberg . Superior Flame-Resistant Cellulose Nanofibril Aerogels Modified with Hybrid Layer-by-Layer Coatings. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2017, 9
(34)
, 29082-29092. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b08018
- Xiaojuan Yu, Ying Pan, Dong Wang, Bihe Yuan, Lei Song, and Yuan Hu . Fabrication and Properties of Biobased Layer-by-Layer Coated Ramie Fabric-Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composites. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2017, 56
(16)
, 4758-4767. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00101
- Xiaming Feng, Xin Wang, Wei Cai, Shuilai Qiu, Yuan Hu, and Kim Meow Liew . Studies on Synthesis of Electrochemically Exfoliated Functionalized Graphene and Polylactic Acid/Ferric Phytate Functionalized Graphene Nanocomposites as New Fire Hazard Suppression Materials. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2016, 8
(38)
, 25552-25562. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b08373
- Alexandre Charmot, Andrew Solovyov, Antonio G. DiPasquale, and Alexander Katz . Silica-Supported Phosphonic Acids as Thermally and Oxidatively Stable Organic Acid Sites. Chemistry of Materials 2016, 28
(17)
, 6166-6177. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02027
- Oruç Köklükaya, Federico Carosio, Jaime C. Grunlan, and Lars Wågberg . Flame-Retardant Paper from Wood Fibers Functionalized via Layer-by-Layer Assembly. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2015, 7
(42)
, 23750-23759. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b08105
- F. Carosio, G. Fontaine, J. Alongi, and S. Bourbigot . Starch-Based Layer by Layer Assembly: Efficient and Sustainable Approach to Cotton Fire Protection. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2015, 7
(22)
, 12158-12167. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b02507
- Shanshan Chen, Xiang Li, Yang Li, and Junqi Sun . Intumescent Flame-Retardant and Self-Healing Superhydrophobic Coatings on Cotton Fabric. ACS Nano 2015, 9
(4)
, 4070-4076. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b00121
- Rick Davis, Yu-Chin Li, Michelle Gervasio, Jason Luu, and Yeon Seok Kim . One-Pot, Bioinspired Coatings To Reduce the Flammability of Flexible Polyurethane Foams. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2015, 7
(11)
, 6082-6092. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b01105
- Tao Zhang, Hongqiang Yan, Lie Shen, Zhengping Fang, Xianming Zhang, Jiajun Wang, and Baoyue Zhang . Chitosan/Phytic Acid Polyelectrolyte Complex: A Green and Renewable Intumescent Flame Retardant System for Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014, 53
(49)
, 19199-19207. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie503421f
- Debabrata Patra, Prithvi Vangal, Amanda A. Cain, Chungyeon Cho, Oren Regev, and Jaime C. Grunlan . Inorganic Nanoparticle Thin Film that Suppresses Flammability of Polyurethane with only a Single Electrostatically-Assembled Bilayer. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2014, 6
(19)
, 16903-16908. https://doi.org/10.1021/am504455k
- Galina Laufer, Christopher Kirkland, Alexander B. Morgan, and Jaime C. Grunlan . Exceptionally Flame Retardant Sulfur-Based Multilayer Nanocoating for Polyurethane Prepared from Aqueous Polyelectrolyte Solutions. ACS Macro Letters 2013, 2
(5)
, 361-365. https://doi.org/10.1021/mz400105e
- Tao Zhang, Hongqiang Yan, Lili Wang, and Zhengping Fang . Controlled Formation of Self-Extinguishing Intumescent Coating on Ramie Fabric via Layer-by-Layer Assembly. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2013, 52
(18)
, 6138-6146. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie3031554
- Xu Zhang, Xiaoxiang Qu, Qihong Guan, Renzhou Li, Zhi Wang, Hua Xie. Rigid polyurethane foam with improved thermal stability and flame retardancy modified by barium phytate and zinc oxide. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 2025, 72 , 106261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2025.106261
- Kia Attari, Shahla Shekarriz, Majid Montazer, Zahra Shariatinia, Javad Mokhtari. Applications of graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide on cotton fabric. Cellulose 2025, 125 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06600-0
- Chanchal Kumar Kundu, Rujun Yu, Bin Fei. Green Flame Retardants for Sustainable Polymers with Promising Multi‐Functionalities: A Next‐Generation Approach. Advanced Sustainable Systems 2025, 63 https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500162
- Maksym Li, Prabhakar M. N., Jong-kyu Park, Jung-il Song. Flame-retardant innovations in bio-based treatments for lignocellulosic natural fibers: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2025, 311 , 143728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143728
- Zhixi Xu, Xiangwei Meng, Jie Liu, Xiaoqing Guo, Chuanjie Zhang. Utilizing zinc borate as an efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardant for the development of flame-resistant regenerated fibers. European Polymer Journal 2025, 233 , 114003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114003
- Lorenza Maddalena, Louena Shtrepi, Massimo Marcioni, Alberto Fina, Federico Carosio. Stacked Graphene Oxide and Bio-Sourced Polyelectrolyte Complexes Thin Coating for Fire Safe and Sound Absorbing Flexible Foams. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2025, 11 , 111469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111469
- Dae-Hyok Mun, Yu-Cheng Ri, Ji-Gwon Cha, Yong-Man Jang, Chung-Guk Choe, Chol-Jun Yu. Preparation of ammonium ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonate and characterization of durable flame-retardant cotton. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 2025, 260 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-025-01088-6
- Jose Hobson, Guang‐Zhong Yin, Xiang Ao, Mingyang Zhang, Juan Pedro Fernández‐Blázquez, De‐Yi Wang. A Phosphorus and Nitrogen Containing Halloysite Derivative as Multifunctional Flame Retardant for Biobased Polyamide 56. Advanced Engineering Materials 2025, 37 https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202500291
- Wang Baoyu, Zhang Shiyu, Liu Zhe, Ding Cuiting, Deng Hao, Zheng Yu, Ding Rui, Zhang Runnan, Zhang Sui, Jiang Zhongyi. Noncovalent Complex Modulated Fabrication of COF Membrane for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration. Small 2025, 21
(16)
https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202500927
- Mia Mesić, Tin Klačić, Davor Kovačević. Specific Ion Effects of Divalent Cations on the Formation and Properties of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. ChemistrySelect 2025, 10
(12)
https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202501185
- Qingqing Zhou, Yannian He, Biaoye Mo, Yefeng Chen, Jiayi Chen, Jingchun Lv. Flame-retardant finishing of cotton fabric with bio-based phytic acid and molecular dynamic simulation. Progress in Organic Coatings 2025, 198 , 108873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2024.108873
- Yasmina Khalaf, Rodolphe Sonnier, Nicolas Brosse, Roland El Hage. An Extensive Study of an Eco-Friendly Fireproofing Process of Lignocellulosic Miscanthus × giganteus Particles and Their Application in Flame-Retardant Panels. Polymers 2025, 17
(2)
, 241. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17020241
- Perla Y. Sauceda-Oloño, Nawoda L. Kapuge Dona, Rhett C. Smith. The quest for environmentally benign plastics: advances in greener and more sustainable flame retardant formulations. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews 2024, 17
(1)
https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2024.2402403
- Siavash Mansouri, Raj Shankar Hazra, Shanti Swarup, Mohiuddin Quadir. Design of a bio‐based flame‐retardant epoxy/amine cross‐linked coatings. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2024, 141
(48)
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56279
- Zi-Hao Wang, Xiao Xiao, Jia-Yan Zhang, Bo-Wen Liu, Xiu-Li Wang, Hai-Bo Zhao, Fu-Rong Zeng. Highly transparent and environment-friendly flame-retardant coating for cotton and silk fabrics. Industrial Crops and Products 2024, 222 , 120066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120066
- Sourabh Kulkarni, Julie St. Cyr, Zhiyu Xia, Ryan Bouldin, Jayant Kumar, Ravi Mosurkal, Ramaswamy Nagarajan. Advanced multifunctional fabrics enabled by bioinspired coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings 2024, 197 , 108737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2024.108737
- Sungwook Won, Minjung Jung, Junsik Bang, Se Youn Cho, In-Gyu Choi, Hyo Won Kwak. Lignin-based flame retardant via sequential purification-nanoparticle formation, and N P coupled chemical modification. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2024, 281 , 136499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136499
- Wei Zhang, Chuanshen Wang, Meiqi Fang, Bin Li, Jinzhang Jia, Bin Yu, Liancong Wang. Highly effective flame-retardant coatings consisting of urea-formaldehyde resin/aluminium hydroxide/boric acid for polystyrene foam: Properties and mechanisms investigation. Progress in Organic Coatings 2024, 196 , 108766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2024.108766
- Ying Pan, Wei Wang, Dong Zhang, Ting Lü, Hongting Zhao. Construction of a continuous flame-retardant network made from wood in epoxy resin. Cellulose 2024, 31
(13)
, 8311-8319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-06069-3
- Balasubramaniyam Manikandan, Supriyo Chakraborty, Subramaniapillai Selva Ganesan. Concise review on naturally derived flame-retardants for cotton fabrics. Cellulose 2024, 31
(12)
, 7189-7206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-06053-x
- Anupreet Kaur, Karan Kapoor, Aadhar Mandot, Sachin Kumar Godara, Ashwini Kumar Sood, Mandeep Singh. Fire‐Retardant Coatings for Modern Lightweight Materials. 2024, 202-230. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394207305.ch8
- Won-Guk Choe, Wi-Phyong Kung, Yong-Man Jang, Pom Choe, Chung-Guk Choe, Chol-Jun Yu. Preparation and characterization of durable flame retardant cotton fabrics using phosphorylation reaction of cellulose with ammonium etidronate. Iranian Polymer Journal 2024, 33
(7)
, 927-942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01287-9
- Hengliang Cui, Xiaolin Zhang, Weilin Liu, Yan Jiang, Na Wang, Huanyu Zhao. Construction of functional epoxy resin coatings based on acid-doping polyaniline coated APP: Preparation, characterization and properties. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2024, 225 , 110785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110785
- Amer Aljamal, György Marosi, Beáta Szolnoki. The utilization of phytic acid as a reactive flame retardant in the preparation of a fully waterborne biobased epoxy system. Fire and Materials 2024, 48
(4)
, 508-521. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.3199
- Kent Andrew Q. Tuble, Christine Joy M. Omisol, Gerson Y. Abilay, Tomas Ralph B. Tomon, Blessy Joy M. Aguinid, Gerard G. Dumancas, Roberto M. Malaluan, Arnold A. Lubguban. Synergistic effect of phytic acid and eggshell bio-fillers on the dual-phase fire-retardancy of intumescent coatings applied on cellulosic substrates. Chemosphere 2024, 358 , 142226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142226
- Fei Xu, Wenjing Ma, Wenqing Wang, Hanwen Wang, Shijie An, Zhiguo Zhu, Rui Wang. Fully bio-based intumescent flame retardant hybrid: A green strategy towards reducing fire hazard and improving degradation of polylactic acid. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2024, 269 , 131985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131985
- Shaowu Ke, Cheng Wang, Yongjun Shu, Junfeng Yang, Qilin Liang, Qi Zhang, Zhitian Liu. Biomass adenosine triphosphate filler for improving the fire resistance and smoke suppression of intumescent coatings. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 2024, 21
(3)
, 1049-1065. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-023-00871-7
- Wenjie Tang, Dajian Huang, Xiaohu Qiang, Wang Liu. Preparation of Hydrophilic and Fire-Resistant Phytic Acid/Chitosan/Polydopamine-Coated Expanded Polystyrene Particles by Using Coating Method. Coatings 2024, 14
(5)
, 574. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050574
- Dallin L. Smith, Sidney M. Cotton, Natalie A. Vest, Maya D. Montemayor, Jaime C. Grunlan. Phosphate and nitrogen‐rich polyelectrolyte complex flame retardant treatment for cotton fleece. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2024, 141
(14)
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.55197
- Longchao Ma, Tao Zhang, Yihan Zhao, Tiancheng Yuan, Xinzhou Wang, Yanjun Li. Preparation of multifunctional flame-retardant and superhydrophobic composite wood by iron ions doped phytic acid-based nanosheets. Construction and Building Materials 2024, 422 , 135854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135854
- Jian Liu, Peng Qi, Feng Chen, Jingfan Zhang, Hongfei Li, Jun Sun, Xiaoyu Gu, Sheng Zhang. A universal eco-friendly flame retardant strategy for polylactic acid fabrics and other polymer substrates. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2024, 260 , 129411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129411
- Guangyi Zhang, Chao Liu, Lujia Yang, Yue Kong, Xu Fan, Jie Zhang, Xiaoyong Liu, Bihe Yuan. A flame-retardant and conductive fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerator: Application in fire alarm and emergency evacuation. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2024, 658 , 219-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.043
- Asri Peni Wulandari, Erlin Karlina, Eric Tanudjaja, Abdul Rohmat, Joko Kusmoro, Muhammad Fadhlillah, Karlina Somantri, Roni Sahroni, Widya Fatriasari. Characteristics and Quality of Flame-Retarded Ramie Fabrics for the Development of Functional Textiles. Materials 2024, 17
(6)
, 1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061416
- Jinhao Shi, Peiyue Zhang, Chuanjie Zhang, Ping Zhu, Huaifang Wang. A facile surface phosphorylation grafting strategy to fabricate durable flame-retardant wool fabric. European Polymer Journal 2024, 206 , 112804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.112804
- Danixa Rodriguez‐Melendez, Dallin L. Smith, Sarah G. Fisher, Rodolphe Sonnier, Henri Vahabi, Jaime C. Grunlan. Two‐Step Polyelectrolyte Complex Coating for Flame Retardant Flax. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 2024, 309
(1)
https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202300229
- Junzhi Ma, Fengfeng Feng, Yan Song, Yu Wu, Shaohai Fu, Dong Wang, Minghai Qu. Preparation and properties of the flame-retardant viscose fibers based on the intumescent dithiocarboxyphosphate microcapsules. Cellulose 2024, 31
(2)
, 1267-1278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05668-w
- Hui Su, Tiehan Wang, Yue Zhang, Yumei Zhang, Huaping Wang. Flame-retardant anti-fibrillation Lyocell fibers prepared by online-treatment of coagulated filament. Cellulose 2024, 31
(2)
, 1279-1293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05682-y
- Karan Bansal, Siavash Mansouri, Dilpreet Bajwa, Shanti Swarup, Mohiuddin Quadir. Synthesis of phytic acid-layered zinc oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their flame-retardant applications in polyurethane coatings. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 2024, 21
(1)
, 369-382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-023-00828-w
- Gizem Semra Ariturk, Cagla Girisken, Yusuf Ziya Menceloglu. Bio-Based Flame Retardants for Sustainable Thermoplastic Polymer Applications. 2024https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95486-0.00070-3
- Faiza Safdar, Munir Ashraf, Affan Abid, Amjed Javid, Kashif Iqbal. Eco-friendly, efficient and durable flame retardant coating for cotton fabrics using phytic acid/silane hybrid sol. Materials Chemistry and Physics 2024, 311 , 128568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2023.128568
- Jovana Petkovska, Nina Mladenovic, William Leising, Aliaksandr Baidak, Mishela Temkov, Dejan Mirakovski, Vesna Dimova, Igor Jordanov. Egg white proteins/lignin-DAP intumescent multilayer nanocoating for flame retardant cotton fabric. Progress in Organic Coatings 2024, 186 , 107983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2023.107983
- Serge Bourbigot, Jinhan Lu, Tao Zhang, Xianming Zhang, Yun Liu, Ying-Jun Xu, Juan Li, Yan Xia. Plant-derived Fire Retardants. 2023, 4-71. https://doi.org/10.1039/BK9781839169793-00004
- Jian Liu, Peng Qi, Jingfan Zhang, Xiaodong Liu, Feng Chen, Hongfei Li, Xiaoyu Gu, Jun Sun, Sheng Zhang. Bio-based phytic acid-induced polypyrrole/silver nanowires coating towards multifunctional nylon/cotton blend fabrics. Chemical Engineering Journal 2023, 476 , 146837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.146837
- Huihui Wang, Cheng Hao, Tong Shu, Pandeng Li, Tianyi Yu, Longjiang Yu, Ning Yan. Flame-retardant Janus ramie fabric with unidirectional liquid transportation, moisture-wicking, and oil/water separation properties. Chemical Engineering Journal 2023, 474 , 145518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.145518
- Chanchal Kumar Kundu, Zhiwei Li, M. Azizur R. Khan, Michael Försth, Oisik Das. Polypyrrole-modified multi-functional coatings for improved electro-conductive, hydrophilic and flame-retardant properties of polyamide 66 textiles. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 2023, 20
(4)
, 1223-1234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-022-00738-3
- Yi Liu, Anshen Zhang, Yamin Cheng, Menghua Li, Yuanchen Cui, Zhiwei Li. Recent advances in biomass phytic acid flame retardants. Polymer Testing 2023, 124 , 108100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108100
- Mohammad Ziaur Rahman, Xin Wang, Lei Song, Yuan Hu. A novel green phosphorus-containing flame retardant finishing on polysaccharide-modified polyamide 66 fabric for improving hydrophilicity and durability. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2023, 239 , 124252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124252
- Zeeshan Ur Rehman, Ye-Tang Pan, David George Churchill, Bon Hen Koo. Microstructural and thermal investigation of the bioinspired and synthetic fire-retardant materials deposited on cotton using LBL process. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023, 40
(4)
, 943-951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-022-1346-2
- Meini Yang, Yawen Yang, Junjiao Shi, Wenhui Rao. Fabrication of eco-friendly flame-retardant and hydrophobic coating for cotton fabric. Cellulose 2023, 30
(5)
, 3267-3280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05051-9
- Dallin L. Smith, Natalie A. Vest, Danixa Rodriguez-Melendez, Bethany Palen, Jaime C. Grunlan. Bio‐Sourced Intumescent Nanocoating. Advanced Engineering Materials 2023, 25
(4)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202200911
- Wenhui Rao, Junjiao Shi, Meini Yang, Feihao Yang, Tao Wu, Chuanbai Yu, Ming-Jun Chen, Hai-Bo Zhao. One-pot fabrication of bio-based hydrophobic and flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric. Cellulose 2023, 30
(3)
, 1943-1955. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-05005-7
- Mariana Altenhofen da Silva, Andrea Cristiane Krause Bierhalz. Biopolymer Films and Composite Coatings. 2023, 1229-1261. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0710-4_45
- Shweta Kailash Pal, S. Nithyas, Swaminathan Subhashini. Nanoencapsulation techniques for antimicrobial developments. 2023, 23-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91156-6.00020-8
- Gaobo Lou, Qingqing Rao, Qing Li, Zhicheng Bai, Xingwei He, Youhua Xiao, Jinfeng Dai, Shenyuan Fu, Shengxiang Yang. Novel ionic complex with flame retardancy and ultrastrong toughening effect on epoxy resin. Chemical Engineering Journal 2023, 455 , 139334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.139334
- Yuanmeng Lou, Haiyun Ma, Yanyue Su, Yiheng Ma, Le Yang, Hong Zhang, Jianzhong Xu. Cavity expansion and nanohybrid copper phytate@halloysite coated with polyphosphazene for reducing smoke release and fire hazard of epoxy resin. Applied Clay Science 2023, 231 , 106756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2022.106756
- Yichen Tian, Chuyi Wang, Yuanfang Ai, Longcheng Tang, Kun Cao. Phytate-based transparent and waterproof intumescent flame-retardant coating for protection of wood. Materials Chemistry and Physics 2023, 294 , 127000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.127000
- Bingying Cheng, Qingqing Zhou, Jiayi Chen, Xu Zhang, Chenglei Zhu, Minghao Wu. Vinylated Modification of Biophytic Acid and Flame-Retardant/Crease-Proofing Finishing of Cotton Fabrics via In Situ Copolymerization. Materials 2023, 16
(1)
, 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010286
- Zhiqian Lin, Wangbin Zhang, Gaobo Lou, Zhicheng Bai, Jinjia Xu, Hufeng Li, Yuhan Zong, Fengqing Chen, Pingan Song, Lina Liu, Jinfeng Dai. A bio-based hyperbranched flame retardant towards the fire-safety and smoke-suppression epoxy composite. Emergency Management Science and Technology 2023, 3
(1)
, 0-0. https://doi.org/10.48130/EMST-2023-0021
- Ran Wang, Jinming Ma, Shuai Ma, Qiran Zhang, Na Li, Miaomiao Ji, Tifeng Jiao, Xia Cao. A biodegradable cellulose-based flame-retardant triboelectric nanogenerator for fire warning. Chemical Engineering Journal 2022, 450 , 137985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.137985
- Xinhua Liu, Hailong Liu, Yinchun Fang. High-Efficiency and Durable Flame Retardant Cotton Fabric with Good Physical and Mechanical Properties by Layer-by-Layer Assembly Polyethylenimine/Phytic Acid Coating. Journal of Natural Fibers 2022, 19
(15)
, 11790-11801. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2022.2044428
- Bo‐Wen Liu, Hai‐Bo Zhao, Yu‐Zhong Wang. Advanced Flame‐Retardant Methods for Polymeric Materials. Advanced Materials 2022, 34
(46)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202107905
- Pratik S. Dhumal, Madhuri A. Bhakare, Kshama D. Lokhande, Mahesh P. Bondarde, Surajit Some. Bio-waste derived, phosphorus decorated composite for highly efficient flame retardant for cotton fabric. Cellulose 2022, 29
(16)
, 8879-8888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04783-4
- Zhihao Sun, Zheng Li, Zhongfei Ma, Wang Zhan, Minxue Zheng. Natural silk fibroin based flame retardant LbL-coating for Dongba paper. Cellulose 2022, 29
(17)
, 9393-9406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04832-y
- Zhibiao Wei, Zetian Yang, Zixuan Chen, Tao Yu, Yan Li. A green and facile strategy to enhance thermal stability and flame retardancy of unidirectional flax fabric based on fully bio-based system. Industrial Crops and Products 2022, 188 , 115610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115610
- Mohammad Ziaur Rahman, Chanchal Kumar Kundu, Xin Wang, Hafezeh Nabipour, Lei Song, Yuan Hu. Microwave-initiated modification of polyamide 6.6 fabric surfaces for superior hydrophilic and flame retardant properties. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2022, 205 , 110128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110128
- Karan Bansal, Shanti Swarup, Mohiuddin Quadir. Halogen free organic coatings for flame retarding applications using phytic acid conjugated UV-curable resin. Progress in Organic Coatings 2022, 172 , 107093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2022.107093
- Dallin L. Smith, Danixa Rodriguez-Melendez, Sidney M. Cotton, Yufeng Quan, Qingsheng Wang, Jaime C. Grunlan. Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Bio-Foam with Inherent Heat and Fire Resistance. Polymers 2022, 14
(22)
, 5019. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14225019
- Dantong Shen, Luqian Dong, Guangxian Zhang, Fang Xu, Yunxuan Weng. Synthesis of high-efficiency and durable P-N-rich flame retardant with double functional groups for cotton fabrics. Journal of Materials Science 2022, 57
(40)
, 18806-18818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-07812-6
Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.
Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.
The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.