Playing-Card Equilibrium
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Department of Chemistry, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057-1098
Abstract
A simple hands-on simulation suitable for either classroom use or laboratory investigation involves using a standard deck of playing cards to explore the statistical aspects of equilibrium. Concepts that can be easily demonstrated include fluctuation around a most probable distribution, Le Châtelier's principle, the equilibrium constant, prediction of the equilibrium constant based on probability, and the effect of sample size on equilibrium fluctuations.
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Cited By
This article is cited by 3 publications.
- Michael J. Claus, Emanuela Gionfriddo, Jennifer Monahan, Rebecca J. Whelan, Mark F. Vitha. Threshold Concepts in Analytical Chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education 2023, 100 (2) , 427-431. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00674
- James P. McEvoy, Alastair Kay. The Saturation Game: Teaching Protein–Ligand Binding with a Playing Card Analogy. Journal of Chemical Education 2020, 97 (10) , 3727-3730. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00837
- Dean J. Campbell, Emily R. Brewer, Keri A. Martinez, and Tamara J. Fitzjarrald . Using Beads and Divided Containers To Study Kinetic and Equilibrium Isotope Effects in the Laboratory and in the Classroom. Journal of Chemical Education 2017, 94 (8) , 1118-1123. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b01004