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High Temperature Simulated Distillation of Athabasca Vacuum Residue Fractions. Bimodal Distributions and Evidence for Secondary “On-Column” Cracking of Heavy Hydrocarbons

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AICISE, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada, and Separation Systems Inc., 100 Nightingale Lane, Gulf Breeze, Florida 325621
Cite this: Energy Fuels 2007, 21, 5, 2831–2839
Publication Date (Web):August 18, 2007
https://doi.org/10.1021/ef070106g
Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

Decreasing conventional oil reserves and existence of large heavy oil and bitumen reservoirs demand novel and cost-effective production and upgrading schemes. One three sequential steps “visbreaking−adsorption−catalytic steam gasification” upgrading process was recently introduced by the group. Thermal cracked heavy molecules were shown to be key components for improved adsorption over solid sorbents. Characterization of the feedstock and the visbroken products is an important part of the study. In this paper, high temperature simulated distillation (HTSD) characterization is covered. Bimodal and monomodal HTSD chromatographic distributions were observed depending on sample relative abundance of heavy resins and asphaltenes. These polar compounds are responsible for the high temperature chromatographic mode. Secondary “on-column” cracking of heavy petroleum components was observed, however not contributing dramatically to the relative abundance of the chromatographic modes. Changes brought by thermal cracking reactions were observed to change detector responses for asphaltene compounds. It seems that this aspect is related to heteroatomic species affecting the burning properties of asphaltene samples. The abundance of the high temperature chromatographic mode was proposed as a feasible crackability (“visbreakability”) index for bimodal petroleum samples. Also, preliminary findings suggest that the HTSD FID response within the second chromatographic mode can be a general indicator of sample thermal maturity, either induced or geothermal.

†

 University of Calgary.

‡

 Separation Systems Inc.

*

 Corresponding author. Telephone:  (403) 220-4799. Fax:  (403) 210-3973. E-mail:  [email protected]

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This article is cited by 42 publications.

  1. Yuwei Yan, Glaucia H. C. Prado, Arno de Klerk. Storage Stability of Products from Visbreaking of Oilsands Bitumen. Energy & Fuels 2020, 34 (8) , 9585-9598. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c01899
  2. Javier Castillo, Arno de Klerk. Visbreaking of Deasphalted Oil from Bitumen at 280–400 °C. Energy & Fuels 2019, 33 (1) , 159-175. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b03485
  3. Kaushik Sivaramakrishnan Arno de KlerkVinay Prasad. Viscosity of Canadian Oilsands Bitumen and Its Modification by Thermal Conversion. 2019,,, 115-199. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1320.ch006
  4. Lina Maria Yañez Jaramillo, Arno de Klerk. Partial Upgrading of Bitumen by Thermal Conversion at 150–300 °C. Energy & Fuels 2018, 32 (3) , 3299-3311. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b04145
  5. Lante A. Carbognani OrtegaJosune CarbognaniPedro Pereira Almao. Correlation of Thermogravimetry and High Temperature Simulated Distillation for Oil Analysis: Thermal Cracking Influence over both Methodologies. 2018,,, 223-239. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2018-1282.ch010
  6. Fredy A. Cabrales-Navarro and Pedro Pereira-Almao . Reactivity and Comprehensive Kinetic Modeling of Deasphalted Vacuum Residue Thermal Cracking. Energy & Fuels 2017, 31 (4) , 4318-4332. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02544
  7. Fredy A. Cabrales-Navarro and Pedro Pereira-Almao . Catalytic Steam Cracking of a Deasphalted Vacuum Residue Using a Ni/K Ultradispersed Catalyst. Energy & Fuels 2017, 31 (3) , 3121-3131. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03004
  8. Lante Carbognani Ortega, Christian Hovsepian, Carlos E. Scott, Pedro Pereira-Almao, R. Gordon Moore, Sudarshan A. Mehta, and Matthew G. Ursenbach . Athabasca Bitumen In Situ Upgrading Reaction Monitoring: Operational Parameters versus Distillates Nature and Permanent Upgrading Achievable. Energy & Fuels 2016, 30 (7) , 5459-5469. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00578
  9. Parsa Haghighat, Lante Carbognani Ortega, and Pedro Pereira-Almao . Kinetic Study of Preoxidized Asphaltene Hydroprocessing in Aqueous Phase. Energy & Fuels 2016, 30 (7) , 5617-5629. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00898
  10. Maryam Ashtari, Lante Carbognani Ortega, Francisco Lopez-Linares, Abdelatif Eldood, and Pedro Pereira-Almao . New Pathways for Asphaltenes Upgrading Using the Oxy-Cracking Process. Energy & Fuels 2016, 30 (6) , 4596-4608. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00385
  11. Christian Nubar Hovsepian, Lante Carbognani Ortega, and Pedro Pereira-Almao . Laboratory Two-Dimensional Experimental Simulation of Catalytic in Situ Upgrading. Energy & Fuels 2016, 30 (5) , 3652-3659. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02117
  12. Parsa Haghighat, Lante Carbognani Ortega, and Pedro Pereira-Almao . Experimental Study on Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Solubilized Asphaltene in Water: A Proof of Concept To Upgrade Asphaltene in the Aqueous Phase. Energy & Fuels 2016, 30 (4) , 2904-2918. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00275
  13. Lante Carbognani Ortega, Josune Carbognani, Estrella Rogel, Cesar Ovalles, Janie Vien, Harris Morazan, Francisco Lopez-Linares, and Pedro Pereira-Almao . Thermal Crackability/Processability of Oils and Residua. Energy & Fuels 2016, 30 (2) , 854-863. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02355
  14. Rohallah Hashemi, Nashaat N. Nassar, and Pedro Pereira Almao . In Situ Upgrading of Athabasca Bitumen Using Multimetallic Ultradispersed Nanocatalysts in an Oil Sands Packed-Bed Column: Part 1. Produced Liquid Quality Enhancement. Energy & Fuels 2014, 28 (2) , 1338-1350. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef401716h
  15. Salman Alkhaldi and Maen M. Husein . Hydrocracking of Heavy Oil by Means of In Situ Prepared Ultradispersed Nickel Nanocatalyst. Energy & Fuels 2014, 28 (1) , 643-649. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef401751s
  16. Elaheh Toosi, William C. McCaffrey, and Arno de Klerk . Copyrolysis of Oxygenate-Containing Materials with Bitumen. Energy & Fuels 2013, 27 (11) , 6430-6439. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef4010847
  17. Rohallah Hashemi, Nashaat N. Nassar, and Pedro Pereira Almao . Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery by in Situ Prepared Ultradispersed Multimetallic Nanoparticles: A Study of Hot Fluid Flooding for Athabasca Bitumen Recovery. Energy & Fuels 2013, 27 (4) , 2194-2201. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef3020537
  18. Lante Carbognani, Josune Carbognani Arambarri, Hebert Molero, and Pedro Pereira-Almao . High Temperature Simulated Distillation of Bitumen Fractions with Open Tubular Capillary Columns Depleted in Silicone/Siloxane Stationary Phases. Energy & Fuels 2013, 27 (4) , 2033-2041. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef400012e
  19. Mazin M. Fathi and Pedro Pereira-Almao . Kinetic Modeling of Arab Light Vacuum Residue Upgrading by Aquaprocessing at High Space Velocities. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2013, 52 (2) , 612-623. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie301380g
  20. Diana M. Hernandez-Baez, Bahman Tohidi, Antonin Chapoy, Roda Bounaceur, and Alastair Reid . Establishing the Maximum Carbon Number for Reliable Quantitative Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Heavy Ends Hydrocarbons. Part 1: Low-Conversion Thermal Cracking Modeling. Energy & Fuels 2012, 26 (5) , 2600-2610. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef201372q
  21. Lante Carbognani, Roberto Meneghini, Eumir Hernandez, Joaquin Lubkowitz, and Pedro Pereira-Almao . Applications of Hydrocarbon Group-Type and Class-Type Analysis via Simulated Distillation-Mass Spectrometry for Process Upgrading Monitoring. Energy & Fuels 2012, 26 (4) , 2248-2255. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef300157n
  22. Jorge A. Orrego-Ruiz, Enrique Mejía-Ospino, Lante Carbognani, Francisco López-Linares, and Pedro Pereira-Almao . Quality Prediction from Hydroprocessing through Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). Energy & Fuels 2012, 26 (1) , 586-593. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef201562j
  23. Carmen E. Galarraga, Carlos Scott, Herbert Loria, and Pedro Pereira-Almao . Kinetic Models for Upgrading Athabasca Bitumen Using Unsupported NiWMo Catalysts at Low Severity Conditions. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2012, 51 (1) , 140-146. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie201202b
  24. Mazin M. Fathi and Pedro Pereira-Almao . Catalytic Aquaprocessing of Arab Light Vacuum Residue via Short Space Times. Energy & Fuels 2011, 25 (11) , 4867-4877. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef200936k
  25. Herbert Loria, Gustavo Trujillo-Ferrer, Clementina Sosa-Stull, and Pedro Pereira-Almao . Kinetic Modeling of Bitumen Hydroprocessing at In-Reservoir Conditions Employing Ultradispersed Catalysts. Energy & Fuels 2011, 25 (4) , 1364-1372. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef200094h
  26. Luis A. Pineda-Perez, Lante Carbognani, Ronald J. Spencer, Brij Maini, and Pedro Pereira-Almao . Hydrocarbon Depletion of Athabasca Core at Near Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) Conditions. Energy & Fuels 2010, 24 (11) , 5947-5954. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef100763j
  27. Azfar Hassan, Lante Carbognani, and Pedro Pereira-Almao. Oxidation of Oils and Bitumen at Various O2 Concentrations. Energy & Fuels 2010, 24 (10) , 5378-5386. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef100791g
  28. Carmen E. Galarraga and Pedro Pereira-Almao. Hydrocracking of Athabasca Bitumen Using Submicronic Multimetallic Catalysts at Near In-Reservoir Conditions. Energy & Fuels 2010, 24 (4) , 2383-2389. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef9013407
  29. Azfar Hassan, Lante Carbognani and Pedro Pereira-Almao. Effect of O2 on Microcarbon Residue Standards Analysis. Energy & Fuels 2008, 22 (6) , 4062-4069. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef800571m
  30. Lante Carbognani, Manuel F. González, Francisco Lopez-Linares, Clementina Sosa Stull and Pedro Pereira-Almao. Selective Adsorption of Thermal Cracked Heavy Molecules. Energy & Fuels 2008, 22 (3) , 1739-1746. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700690v
  31. Barry Bennett, Steve Larter, Lante Carbognani and Pedro Pereira-Almao . Identification and Characterization of Reaction Proxies for Monitoring the Progress of Thermal Processing of Heavy Oils and Tar Sands under Vis-Breaking Conditions. Energy & Fuels 2008, 22 (1) , 440-448. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700421a
  32. Milad Ahmadi Khoshooei, Seyed Moein Elahi, Lante Carbognani, Carlos E. Scott, Pedro Pereira-Almao. Activity assessment of NiMo bimetallic nanocatalyst in presence and absence of steam in in-situ upgrading technology (ISUT). Fuel 2020, , 119664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119664
  33. Seyed Moein Elahi, Milad Ahmadi Khoshooei, Lante Carbognani Ortega, Carlos E. Scott, Zhangxin Chen, Pedro Pereira-Almao. Chemical insight into nano-catalytic in-situ upgrading and recovery of heavy oil. Fuel 2020, 278 , 118270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118270
  34. Meredith Evans Seeley, Qing Wang, Hernando Bacosa, Brad E. Rosenheim, Zhanfei Liu. Environmental petroleum pollution analysis using ramped pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Organic Geochemistry 2018, 124 , 180-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.07.012
  35. D. Thiébaut. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography of Petroleum Products. 2017,,, 381-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809207-1.00013-6
  36. Ricardo G. Suarez Suarez, Carlos E. Scott, Pedro Pereira-Almao, S. Hossein Hejazi. Experimental Study of Nanocatalytic In-Situ Upgrading for Heavy Oil Production From Naturally-Fractured-Carbonate Reservoirs. 2016,,https://doi.org/10.2118/179619-MS
  37. Lante Ortega, Francisco Linares, Qiao Wu, Marianna Trujillo, Josune Carbognani, Pedro Pereira-Almao. Analysis of Olefins in Heavy Oil, Bitumen, and Their Upgraded Products. 2015,,, 81-110. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18109-9
  38. M.J. Angeles, C. Leyva, J. Ancheyta, S. Ramírez. A review of experimental procedures for heavy oil hydrocracking with dispersed catalyst. Catalysis Today 2014, 220-222 , 274-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.08.016
  39. Shelly Biswas, D.K. Sharma. Co-cracking of jatropha oil, vacuum residue and HDPE and characterization of liquid, gaseous and char products obtained. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 2013, 101 , 17-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2013.03.003
  40. Didier Thiébaut. Separations of petroleum products involving supercritical fluid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A 2012, 1252 , 177-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.074
  41. L. Carbognani, L. C. Roa-Fuentes, L. Diaz, F. Lopez-Linares, A. Vasquez, P. Pereira-Almao, P. Haghigat, B. B. Maini, R. J. Spencer. Monitoring Bitumen Upgrading, Bitumen Recovery, and Characterization of Core Extracts by Hydrocarbon Group-type SARA Analysis. Petroleum Science and Technology 2010, 28 (6) , 632-645. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916460903073185
  42. Azfar Hassan, Lante Carbognani, Pedro Pereira-Almao. Development of an alternative setup for the estimation of microcarbon residue for heavy oil and fractions: Effects derived from air presence. Fuel 2008, 87 (17-18) , 3631-3639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2008.05.031

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