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Biodiesel from Microalgae, Yeast, and Bacteria: Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions

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†Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Engineering, §Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, and ∥Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
*Tel.: (435) 797-3964, fax: (435) 797-3390, e-mail: [email protected] (L.C.S.); tel.: (435) 797-2868, fax: (435) 797-2417, e-mail: [email protected] (B.D.W.).
Cite this: Energy Fuels 2013, 27, 1, 220–228
Publication Date (Web):November 12, 2012
https://doi.org/10.1021/ef3012382
Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

Biodiesels (fatty acid methyl esters) derived from oleaginous microbes (microalgae, yeast, and bacteria) are being actively pursued as potential renewable substitutes for petroleum diesel. Here, we report the engine performance characteristics of biodiesel produced from a microalgae (Chaetoceros gracilis), a yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus), and a bacteria (Rhodococcus opacus) in a two-cylinder diesel engine outfitted with an eddy current brake dynamometer, comparing the fuel performance to petroleum diesel (#2) and commercial biodiesel from soybeans. Key physical and chemical properties, including heating value, viscosity, density, and cetane index, for each of the microbial-derived biofuels were found to compare favorably to those of soybean biodiesel. Likewise, the horsepower, torque, and brake specific fuel consumption across a range of engine speeds also compared favorably to values determined for soybean biodiesel. Analysis of exhaust emissions (hydrocarbon, CO, CO2, O2, and NOx) revealed that all biofuels produced significantly less CO and hydrocarbon than petroleum diesel. Surprisingly, microalgae biodiesel was found to have the lowest NOx output, even lower than petroleum diesel. The results are discussed in the context of the fatty acid composition of the fuels and the technical viability of microbial biofuels as replacements for petroleum diesel.

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A table showing the fatty acid composition of each fuel along with a figure showing hydrocarbon, NOx, CO, and CO2 output as a function of time. This information is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org/.

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