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Circumpolar Study of Perfluoroalkyl Contaminants in Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus)

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Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Bovey Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada, National Environmental Research Institute of Denmark, P.O. Box 358, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø NO-9296, Norway, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 570, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland, Denmark, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 East Tudor Road, Anchorage, Alaska 99503, Department of Sustainable Development, Government of Nunavut, Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6B 2X3, Canada, Department of Resources, Wildlife and Economic Development, Government of the Northwest Territories, Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada, and National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6, Canada
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 15, 5517–5523
Publication Date (Web):June 22, 2005
https://doi.org/10.1021/es048309w
Copyright © 2005 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

Perfluoroalkyl substances were determined in liver tissues and blood of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from five locations in the North American Arctic and two locations in the European Arctic. Concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate, heptadecafluorooctane sulfonamide, and perfluoroalkyl carboxylates with C8−C15 perfluorinated carbon chains were determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. PFOS concentrations were significantly correlated with age at four of seven sampling locations, while gender was not correlated to concentration for any compound measured. Populations in South Hudson Bay (2000−2730 ng/g wet wt), East Greenland (911−2140 ng/g wet wt), and Svalbard (756−1290 ng/g wet wt) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher PFOS concentrations than western populations such as the Chukchi Sea (435−729 ng/g wet wt). Concentrations of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) with adjacent chain lengths (i.e., C9:C10 and C10:C11) were significantly correlated (P < 0.05), suggesting PFCAs have a common source within a location, but there were differences in proportions of PFCAs between eastern and western location sources. Concentrations of PFOS in liver tissue at five locations were correlated with concentrations of four polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (180, 153, 138, and 99) in adipose tissue of bears in the same populations, suggesting similar transport pathways and source regions of PFOS or precursors.

†

 University of Guelph.

‡

 University of Toronto.

§

 National Environmental Research Institute of Denmark.

‖

 Norwegian Polar Institute.

⊥

 Greenland Institute of Natural Resources.

#

 University of Alberta.

∇

 National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada.

○

 United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

+

 Department of Sustainable Development, Government of Nunavut.

▵

 Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada.

×

 Department of Resources, Wildlife and Economic Development, Government of the Northwest Territories.

*

 Corresponding author phone:  (905) 319-6921; fax:  (905) 336-6430; e-mail:  [email protected]

◊

 National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada.

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