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Atmospheric Fallout of 129I in Japan before the Fukushima Accident: Regional and Global Contributions (1963–2005)

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† Department of Chemistry, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
‡ Geochemical Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan
§ Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
*Phone: +81 3 3986 0221; fax: +81 3 5992 1029 e-mail: [email protected]
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 15, 8383–8390
Publication Date (Web):July 4, 2013
https://doi.org/10.1021/es401596z
Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Atmospheric 129I deposition was studied in different locations of Japan (Akita, Tsukuba, Tokyo, and Ishigaki Island) with samples collected between 1963 and 2005 in order to understand the distribution and sources of this nuclide and provide a reference deposition level prior to the Fukushima accident. Over this time period, the deposition pattern of 129I in Tsukuba and Tokyo (on the Pacific side) differed from that of Akita (on the Japan Sea side). The primary source of deposition in Tsukuba and Tokyo is related to the 129I discharge from domestic reprocessing in Tokai-mura. In contrast, the time-series pattern of deposition in Akita seems to have been influenced by 129I discharges from reprocessing facilities in Europe and the transport of this radionuclide by westerly winds to coastlines of the Japan Sea. The 129I deposition in Ishigaki (one of the southernmost islands in Japan) is influenced primarily by oceanic air masses (easterly winds), and deposition was 1 order of magnitude lower than that observed in Tsukuba and Tokyo. Cumulative 129I deposition in Tokyo before the Fukushima accident was estimated at 13 mBq/m2. The results of this study on deposition contribute to understanding the deposition levels of 129I prior to the accident.

Supporting Information

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Tables that summarize analytical data (129I/127I ratios, 127I concentrations, and 129I deposition in atmospheric fallout samples at Akita, Tsukuba, and Ishigaki from 1963 to 2005 and Tokyo from 2004 to 2005) and amount of discharged 129I into the atmosphere in the latter half of the 1970s from main anthropogenic sources, and five figures that illustrate temporal variations of 129I deposition and 129I/127I ratios for each location as well as monthly precipitation for Akita and Tokyo. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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Cited By

This article is cited by 10 publications.

  1. Xue Zhao, Xiaolin Hou, Weijian Zhou. Atmospheric Iodine (127I and 129I) Record in Spruce Tree Rings in the Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53 (15) , 8706-8714. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01160
  2. Núria Casacuberta, Marcus Christl, Ken O. Buesseler, YikSze Lau, Christof Vockenhuber, Maxi Castrillejo, Hans-Arno Synal, and Pere Masqué . Potential Releases of 129I, 236U, and Pu Isotopes from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plants to the Ocean from 2013 to 2015. Environmental Science & Technology 2017, 51 (17) , 9826-9835. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03057
  3. Shan Xing, Xiaolin Hou, Ala Aldahan, Göran Possnert, Keliang Shi, Peng Yi, and Weijian Zhou . Iodine-129 in Snow and Seawater in the Antarctic: Level and Source. Environmental Science & Technology 2015, 49 (11) , 6691-6700. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01234
  4. Sheng Xu, Luyuan Zhang, Stewart P. H. T. Freeman, Xiaolin Hou, Yasuyuki Shibata, David Sanderson, Alan Cresswell, Taeko Doi, and Atsushi Tanaka . Speciation of Radiocesium and Radioiodine in Aerosols from Tsukuba after the Fukushima Nuclear Accident. Environmental Science & Technology 2015, 49 (2) , 1017-1024. https://doi.org/10.1021/es504431w
  5. Georg Steinhauser . Fukushima’s Forgotten Radionuclides: A Review of the Understudied Radioactive Emissions. Environmental Science & Technology 2014, 48 (9) , 4649-4663. https://doi.org/10.1021/es405654c
  6. Luyuan Zhang, Xiaolin Hou, Sheng Xu, Tian Feng, Peng Cheng, Yunchong Fu, Ning Chen. Temporal variation in 129I and 127I in aerosols from Xi'an, China: influence of East Asian monsoon and heavy haze events. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2020, 20 (4) , 2623-2635. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2623-2020
  7. Shinich Gasa, Hisaki Kofuji, Tomoyuki Kuji. The Relationship between Distribution of 129I Concentration and Water Masses off the Pacific Coast in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. RADIOISOTOPES 2019, 68 (3) , 115-123. https://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.68.115
  8. Luyuan Zhang, Xiaolin Hou, Sheng Xu. Speciation of 127I and 129I in atmospheric aerosols at Risø, Denmark: insight into sources of iodine isotopes and their species transformations. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2016, 16 (4) , 1971-1985. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1971-2016
  9. Masahiro KOBAYASHI, Hirochika SUMINO, Chiaki TOYAMA. Traces of Slab-derived Fluids Revealed by Halogens in Mantle-derived Rocks. Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 2015, 124 (3) , 445-471. https://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.124.445
  10. Matthew N. Herod, R. Jack Cornett, Ian D. Clark, W.E. Kieser, Gilles St. Jean. Extraction of 129I and 127I via combustion from organic rich samples using 125I as a quantitative tracer. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 2014, 138 , 323-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.02.005

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