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Impacts of Shale Gas Wastewater Disposal on Water Quality in Western Pennsylvania

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Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
*(A.V.) Phone: 919-681-8050; fax: 919-684-5833; e-mail: [email protected]
* (N.W.) Phone: 603-646-9961; e-mail: [email protected]
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 20, 11849–11857
Publication Date (Web):October 2, 2013
https://doi.org/10.1021/es402165b
Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society
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The safe disposal of liquid wastes associated with oil and gas production in the United States is a major challenge given their large volumes and typically high levels of contaminants. In Pennsylvania, oil and gas wastewater is sometimes treated at brine treatment facilities and discharged to local streams. This study examined the water quality and isotopic compositions of discharged effluents, surface waters, and stream sediments associated with a treatment facility site in western Pennsylvania. The elevated levels of chloride and bromide, combined with the strontium, radium, oxygen, and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the effluents reflect the composition of Marcellus Shale produced waters. The discharge of the effluent from the treatment facility increased downstream concentrations of chloride and bromide above background levels. Barium and radium were substantially (>90%) reduced in the treated effluents compared to concentrations in Marcellus Shale produced waters. Nonetheless, 226Ra levels in stream sediments (544–8759 Bq/kg) at the point of discharge were ∼200 times greater than upstream and background sediments (22–44 Bq/kg) and above radioactive waste disposal threshold regulations, posing potential environmental risks of radium bioaccumulation in localized areas of shale gas wastewater disposal.

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A Supporting Information (SI) section contains additional text describing methods in greater detail and background information on waste disposal methods. Additional tables and figures of chemical and isotopic are also included. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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