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Predicting Cadmium Accumulation and Toxicity in a Green Alga in the Presence of Varying Essential Element Concentrations Using a Biotic Ligand Model
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    Predicting Cadmium Accumulation and Toxicity in a Green Alga in the Presence of Varying Essential Element Concentrations Using a Biotic Ligand Model
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    Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), 490 de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9 Québec, Canada
    *Phone: 1 418 654 3770. Fax: 1 418 654 2600. E-mail: [email protected]
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 2, 1222–1229
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/es402630z
    Published December 17, 2013
    Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    This study refines the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) approach by integrating the modulating effects of various essential elements on cadmium (Cd) uptake kinetics in the freshwater alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The algae were first acclimated to a low (LM) or high trace metal (HM) medium as well as to low or high free Cd2+ and Co2+ concentrations. The short-term Cd transport capacity and affinity were then quantified in exposure media in which essential trace metals and calcium concentrations were manipulated. The results show that after acclimation to the LM medium, exposure to high free Ca2+ decreases the capacity of the Cd transport system. Also, acclimation to high (10–9 M free Co2+) or low (10–11 M free Co2+) did not significantly affect Cd uptake rates. When all essential trace metals were simultaneously increased in the acclimation (and exposure) medium, the capacity of the transport system decreased by ∼60%, a decrease close to that due to high [Zn2+] alone, suggesting that Zn is the main trace metal modulator of the Cd transporter capacity. Changes in Cd toxicity (growth inhibition) in the presence of different essential trace metal concentrations were strongly related to the steady-state concentration of intracellular cadmium, regardless of the cell’s nutritional state. Our BLM incorporating the physiological effects of Ca2+ and other trace metals predicts steady-state Cd accumulation in the presence of varying concentrations of essential elements at 7 nM free Cd2+, but predictions over a wide range of free [Cd2+] proved to be more difficult.

    Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    Additional text and figures describing the composition of culture and experimental media; the linearity of cadmium uptake over a short-term Cd exposure; the steady-state cellular uptake of Cd at 60 h of growth; metal transport parameters (KCd and Vmax) obtained in this study; cobalt competition for cadmium binding to the Cd-2 transport site; the effect of Fe, Mn, and Cu on short-term Cd uptake rates; the effect of uncertainties on essential elements-NTA equilibrium constants on Cd speciation; cadmium cell quotas and toxicity; the modeling of Cd2+ toxicity; and metal concentration ranges measured in natural or anthropogenically impacted freshwater ecosystems. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 2, 1222–1229
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/es402630z
    Published December 17, 2013
    Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society

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