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    Impacts of Emerging Contaminants on Surrounding Aquatic Environment from a Youth Festival
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    † Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
    ‡ Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
    § Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
    ∥ Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
    ⊥ Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30011, Taiwan
    *Phone: +886 7 5252000, ×5066; fax: +886 7 5255066; e-mail: [email protected]
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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 2, 792–799
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/es503944e
    Published December 15, 2014
    Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society
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    The youth festival as we refer to Spring Scream, a large-scale pop music festival, is notorious for the problems of drug abuse and addiction. The origin, temporal magnitudes, potential risks and mass inputs of emerging contaminants (ECs) were investigated. Thirty targeted ECs were analyzed by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS). Sampling strategy was designed to characterize EC behavior in different stages (before and after the youth festival), based on multivariate data analysis to explore the contributions of contaminants from normal condition to the youth festival. Wastewater influents and effluents were collected during the youth festival (approximately 600 000 pop music fans and youth participated). Surrounding river waters are also sampled to illustrate the touristic impacts during peak season and off-season. Seasonal variations were observed, with the highest concentrations in April (Spring Scream) and the lowest in October (off-season). Acetaminophen, diclofenac, codeine, ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin-H2O, and gemfibrozil have significant pollution risk quotients (RQs > 1), indicating ecotoxicological concerns. Principal component analysis (PCA) and weekly patterns provide a perspective in assessing the touristic impacts and address the dramatic changes in visitor population and drug consumption. The highest mass loads discharged into the aquatic ecosystem corresponded to illicit drugs/controlled substances such as ketamine and MDMA, indicating the high consumption of ecstasy during Spring Scream.

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    Additional information on the river systems, treatment plants, detected compounds, analytical methods, quality assurance, and detailed figures and tables on concentrations, removal rates, and risk assessments. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org/.

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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 2, 792–799
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