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Experimentally Determined Human Respiratory Tract Deposition of Airborne Particles at a Busy Street

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Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Atmospheric Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark, and Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund,Sweden
* Corresponding author phone: +46-46-2228113 or +46-73-5518636; e-mail: [email protected]
†Department of Physics, Lund University.
‡University of Copenhagen.
§Aarhus University.
∥Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University.
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 13, 4659–4664
Publication Date (Web):March 24, 2009
https://doi.org/10.1021/es803029b
Copyright © 2009 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

    Traffic is one of the major sources of harmful airborne particles worldwide. To relate exposure to adverse health effects it is important to determine the deposition probability of the inhaled particles in the human respiratory tract. The size-dependent deposition of 12−580 nm particles was measured with a novel setup in 9 healthy subjects breathing by mouth on the windward side of a busy street in Copenhagen, Denmark. The aerosol was characterized both at the curbside and, to obtain the background concentration, at rooftop level. Particle hygroscopicity, a key parameter affecting respiratory tract deposition, was also measured at the same time of exposure. The total deposition fraction of the curbside particles in the range 12−580 nm was 0.60 by number, 0.29 by surface area, and 0.23 by mass. The deposition fractions of the “traffic exhaust” contribution, calculated as the hydrophobic fraction of the curbside particles, was 0.68, 0.35, and 0.28 by number, surface area, and mass, respectively. The deposited amount of traffic exhaust particles was 16 times higher by number and 3 times higher by surface area compared to the deposition of residential biofuel combustion particles investigated previously (equal inhaled mass concentrations). This was because the traffic exhaust particles had both a higher deposition probability and a higher number and surface area concentration per unit mass. To validate the results, the respiratory tract deposition was estimated by using the well-established ICRP model. Predictions were in agreement with experimental results when the effects of particle hygroscopicity were considered in the model.

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    Subject demographics, detailed experimental setup, HTDMA data values, individual deposition fractions, and description of the processing unit. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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