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Core-Shell Nanostructured “Black” Rutile Titania as Excellent Catalyst for Hydrogen Production Enhanced by Sulfur Doping

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CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
§ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
High Pressure Science and Engineering Center (HiPSEC), University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 47, 17831–17838
Publication Date (Web):October 28, 2013
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja4076748
Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Modification of rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) for hydrogen generation and water cleaning is a grand challenge due to the chemical inertness of rutile, while such inertness is a desired merit for its stability in photoelectrochemical applications. Herein, we report an innovative two-step method to prepare a core–shell nanostructured S-doped rutile TiO2 (R′-TiO2-S). This modified black rutile TiO2 sample exhibits remarkably enhanced absorption in visible and near-infrared regions and efficient charge separation and transport. As a result, the unique sulfide surface (TiO2–x:S) boosts the photocatalytic water cleaning and water splitting with a steady solar hydrogen production rate of 0.258 mmol h–1 g–1. The black titania is also an excellent photoelectrochemical electrode exhibiting a high solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 1.67%. The sulfided surface shell is proved to be an effective strategy for enhancing solar light absorption and photoelectric conversion.

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Detail sample characterizations, XRD, XPS, Raman, TEM, and cycling tests of photocatalytic. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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