Na2ZnGe2S6: A New Infrared Nonlinear Optical Material with Good Balance between Large Second-Harmonic Generation Response and High Laser Damage Threshold
- Guangmao Li ,
- Kui Wu ,
- Qiong Liu ,
- Zhihua Yang , and
- Shilie Pan
Abstract

The development of frequency-conversion technology in the infrared region is in urgent need of new excellent infrared nonlinear optical (IR NLO) materials. How to achieve a good balance between laser damage threshold (LDT) and NLO coefficient (dij) for new IR NLO candidates is still a challenge. The combination of the highly electropositive alkali metal (Na) and Zn with d10 electronic configuration into crystal structure affords one new IR NLO material, Na2ZnGe2S6. It exhibits excellent properties including a wide transparent region (0.38–22 μm), large band gap (3.25 eV), and especially a balance between a strong NLO coefficient (30-fold that of KDP) and a high LDT (6-fold that of AgGaS2), indicating a promising application in the IR region. Moreover, novel common-vertex-linked wavelike ∞[GeS3]n chains are interestingly discovered in Na2ZnGe2S6, which rarely exist in the reported thiogermanides containing alkali metals. In addition, calculated SHG density and dipole moment demonstrate that the large NLO response is mainly attributed to the cooperative effects of the [GeS4] and [ZnS4] units.
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- Yu Chu, Guangmao Li, Xin Su, Kui Wu, Shilie Pan. A review on the development of infrared nonlinear optical materials with triangular anionic groups. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2019, 271 , 266-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2018.10.051
- Le Gao, Ming-Hsien Lee, Jun Zhang. Metal-cation substitutions induced the enhancement of second harmonic generation in A 8 BS 6 (A = Cu, and Ag; B = Si, Ge, and Sn). New Journal of Chemistry 2019, 43 (9) , 3719-3724. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ06270F
- Jianian Cheng, Binghua Lei, Chen Zhou, Shilie Pan, Zhihua Yang. Adjustable optical nonlinearity in d 10 cations containing chalcogenides via dp hybridization interaction. Dalton Transactions 2019, 48 (8) , 2592-2597. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8DT04889D
- Yi Huang, Xiaowen Wu, Sadeh Beysen. Investigation on two new antimony-based quaternary chalcogenides: Na 6 CdSb 4 S 10 and Na 3 CdSbSe 4. New Journal of Chemistry 2019, 43 (8) , 3350-3356. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ04072A
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- Yongying Yang, Yuandong Wu, Dajiang Mei, Yi Qu. Lead-based crystal luminophores: Tuning emissive crystals and application for recording high temperature history with ratiometric and colorimetric signals. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019, 358 , 606-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.10.028
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- Chuang Liu, Dajiang Mei, Wangzhu Cao, Yi Yang, Yuandong Wu, Guobao Li, Zheshuai Lin. Mn-Based tin sulfide Sr 3 MnSn 2 S 8 with a wide band gap and strong nonlinear optical response. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2019, 7 (5) , 1146-1150. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC05904G
- Zong-Dong Sun, Yang Chi, Sheng-Ping Guo. Cu2EuMQ4 (M = Si, Ge; Q = S, Se): Syntheses, structure study and physical properties determination. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2019, 269 , 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2018.09.030
- Kui Wu, Shilie Pan. A review on structure-performance relationship toward the optimal design of infrared nonlinear optical materials with balanced performances. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 2018, 377 , 191-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2018.09.002
- Ruijiao Chen, Xiaowen Wu, Zhi Su. Structural insights into T 2 -cluster-containing chalcogenides with vertex-, edge- and face-sharing connection modes of NaQ 6 ligands: Na 3 ZnM III Q 4 (M III = In, Ga; Q = S, Se). Dalton Transactions 2018, 47 (43) , 15538-15544. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8DT03281E
- Zong-Dong Sun, Yang Chi, Sheng-Ping Guo. Second-order nonlinear optical properties of CuGa In1-Se2 (x = 0.54): Experimental and theoretical investigations. Solid State Sciences 2018, 85 , 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2018.09.002
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- Hong Chen, Pei-Fei Liu, Bing-Xuan Li, Hua Lin, Li-Ming Wu, Xin-Tao Wu. Experimental and theoretical studies on the NLO properties of two quaternary non-centrosymmetric chalcogenides: BaAg 2 GeS 4 and BaAg 2 SnS 4. Dalton Transactions 2018, 47 (2) , 429-437. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7DT04178K
- Ying Liu, Maxim S. Molokeev, Quanlin Liu, Zhiguo Xia. Crystal structures, phase transitions and thermal expansion properties of NaZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 –SrZr 4 (PO 4 ) 6 solid solutions. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 2018, 5 (3) , 619-625. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7QI00782E
- Zhihua Yang, Cong Hu, Miriding Mutailipu, Yanzhou Sun, Kui Wu, Min Zhang, Shilie Pan. Oxyhalides: prospecting ore for optical functional materials with large laser damage thresholds. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2018, 6 (10) , 2435-2442. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TC04857B
- Dajiang Mei, Jianqiao Jiang, Fei Liang, Shiyan Zhang, Yuandong Wu, Congting Sun, Dongfeng Xue, Zheshuai Lin. Design and synthesis of a nonlinear optical material BaAl 4 S 7 with a wide band gap inspired from SrB 4 O 7. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2018, 6 (11) , 2684-2689. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TC05693A
- Kui Wu, Bingbing Zhang, Zhihua Yang, Shilie Pan. Remarkable multimember-ring configurations in a new family of Na 7 M II Sb 5 S 12 (M II = Zn, Cd, Hg) exhibiting various three-dimensional tunnel structures. Chemical Communications 2018, 54 (59) , 8269-8272. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CC04639E
- Hua Lin, Bing-Xuan Li, Hong Chen, Peng-Fei Liu, Li-Ming Wu, Xin-Tao Wu, Qi-Long Zhu. Sr 5 ZnGa 6 S 15 : a new quaternary non-centrosymmetric semiconductor with a 3D framework structure displaying excellent nonlinear optical performance. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 2018, 5 (6) , 1458-1462. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8QI00322J
- Shu-Fang Li, Xiao-Ming Jiang, Yu-Hang Fan, Bin-Wen Liu, Hui-Yi Zeng, Guo-Cong Guo. New strategy for designing promising mid-infrared nonlinear optical materials: narrowing the band gap for large nonlinear optical efficiencies and reducing the thermal effect for a high laser-induced damage threshold. Chemical Science 2018, 9 (26) , 5700-5708. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SC01210E
- Abdeljalil Assoud, Holger Kleinke. A Polyselenide with a Novel Se 78- Unit: the Structure of Sr 19- x Pb x Ge 11 Se 44 with x = 5.0 and 6.4. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2017, 2017 (46) , 5515-5520. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201701180
- Guopeng Han, Ying Wang, Xin Su, Zhihua Yang, Shilie Pan. Growth, Properties, and Theoretical Analysis of M2LiVO4 (M = Rb, Cs) Crystals: Two Potential Mid-Infrared Nonlinear Optical Materials. Scientific Reports 2017, 7 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02117-0
- Ailijiang Abudurusuli, Hanqin Ding, Kui Wu. Synthesis and characterization of two lead-containing metal chalcogenides: Ba5Pb2Sn3S13 and Ba6PbSn3Se13. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2017, 255 , 133-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2017.08.019
- GuangMao Li, Kui Wu, Qiong Liu, ZhiHua Yang, ShiLie Pan. Na2ZnSn2S6: A mixed-metal thiostannate with large second-harmonic generation response activated by penta-tetrahedral [ZnSn4S14]10− clusters. Science China Technological Sciences 2017, 60 (10) , 1465-1472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-016-9039-1
- Jiang-He Feng, Chun-Li Hu, Xiang Xu, Bing-Xuan Li, Ming-Jian Zhang, Jiang-Gao Mao. AgGa 2 PS 6 : A New Mid-Infrared Nonlinear Optical Material with a High Laser Damage Threshold and a Large Second Harmonic Generation Response. Chemistry - A European Journal 2017, 23 (46) , 10978-10982. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201702632
- Hongming Liu, Qi Wu, Xingxing Jiang, Zheshuai Lin, Xianggao Meng, Xingguo Chen, Jingui Qin. ABi 2 (IO 3 ) 2 F 5 (A=K, Rb, and Cs): A Combination of Halide and Oxide Anionic Units To Create a Large Second-Harmonic Generation Response with a Wide Bandgap. Angewandte Chemie 2017, 129 (32) , 9620-9624. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201705672
- Hongming Liu, Qi Wu, Xingxing Jiang, Zheshuai Lin, Xianggao Meng, Xingguo Chen, Jingui Qin. ABi 2 (IO 3 ) 2 F 5 (A=K, Rb, and Cs): A Combination of Halide and Oxide Anionic Units To Create a Large Second-Harmonic Generation Response with a Wide Bandgap. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2017, 56 (32) , 9492-9496. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201705672
- Hua Lin, Hong Chen, Yu‐Jun Zheng, Ju‐Song Yu, Xin‐Tao Wu, Li‐Ming Wu. Coexistence of Strong Second Harmonic Generation Response and Wide Band Gap in AZn 4 Ga 5 S 12 (A=K, Rb, Cs) with 3D Diamond‐like Frameworks. Chemistry – A European Journal 2017, 23 (43) , 10407-10412. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201701679
- A. H. Reshak. Spin-polarized Second Harmonic Generation from the Antiferromagnetic CaCoSO Single Crystal. Scientific Reports 2017, 7 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46415
- Junben Huang, Xin Su, Dianwei Hou, Binghua Lei, Zhihua Yang, Shilie Pan. First-principles study lone-pair effects of Sb (III)-S chromophore influence on SHG response in quaternary potassium containing silver antimony sulfides. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2017, 249 , 215-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2017.03.003
- Kui Wu, Shilie Pan. Li2HgMS4 (M = Si, Ge, Sn): New Quaternary Diamond-Like Semiconductors for Infrared Laser Frequency Conversion. Crystals 2017, 7 (4) , 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7040107
- Sheng-Ping Guo, Yang Chi, Guo-Cong Guo. Recent achievements on middle and far-infrared second-order nonlinear optical materials. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 2017, 335 , 44-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2016.12.013
- Hua Lin, Yu-Jun Zheng, Xiao-Ning Hu, Hong Chen, Ju-Song Yu, Li-Ming Wu. Non-centrosymmetric Selenides AZn 4 In 5 Se 12 (A=Rb, Cs): Synthesis, Characterization and Nonlinear Optical Properties. Chemistry - An Asian Journal 2017, 12 (4) , 453-458. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201601548
- Fei Liang, Lei Kang, Zheshuai Lin, Yicheng Wu, Chuangtian Chen. Analysis and prediction of mid-IR nonlinear optical metal sulfides with diamond-like structures. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 2017, 333 , 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2016.11.012
- Kui Wu, Zhihua Yang, Shilie Pan. The first quaternary diamond-like semiconductor with 10-membered LiS 4 rings exhibiting excellent nonlinear optical performances. Chemical Communications 2017, 53 (21) , 3010-3013. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC09565H
- Yi Liu, Kaiqi Ye, Yue Wang, Qichun Zhang, Xianhui Bu, Pingyun Feng. Multitopic ligand directed assembly of low-dimensional metal-chalcogenide organic frameworks. Dalton Transactions 2017, 46 (5) , 1481-1486. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6DT04453K
- Zuju Ma, Jinyu Hu, Rongjian Sa, Qiaohong Li, Yongfan Zhang, Kechen Wu. Screening novel candidates for mid-IR nonlinear optical materials from I 3 –V–VI 4 compounds. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2017, 5 (8) , 1963-1972. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TC05510A
- Guang-mao Li, Qiong Liu, Kui Wu, Zhi-hua Yang, Shi-lie Pan. Na 2 CdGe 2 Q 6 (Q = S, Se): two metal-mixed chalcogenides with phase-matching abilities and large second-harmonic generation responses. Dalton Transactions 2017, 46 (9) , 2778-2784. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7DT00087A
- Hua Lin, Hong Chen, Yu-Jun Zheng, Ju-Song Yu, Xin-Tao Wu, Li-Ming Wu. Two excellent phase-matchable infrared nonlinear optical materials based on 3D diamond-like frameworks: RbGaSn 2 Se 6 and RbInSn 2 Se 6. Dalton Transactions 2017, 46 (24) , 7714-7721. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7DT01384A
- Kui Wu, Zhihua Yang, Shilie Pan. Na 6 Si 3 S 8 O: the first example of a sulfide silicate exhibiting unusual tri-polymerized [Si 3 S 8 O] 6− units without S–O bonds. Dalton Trans. 2017, 46 (39) , 13356-13359. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7DT03125D
- Guangmao Li, Ni Zhen, Yu Chu, Zhongxiang Zhou. Li 3 Ge 3 Se 6 : the first ternary lithium germanium selenide with interesting ∞ [Ge 6 Se 12 ] n chains constructed by ethane-like [Ge 2 Se 6 ] 6− clusters. Dalton Transactions 2017, 46 (47) , 16399-16403. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7DT03781C
- Jianqiao Jiang, Dajiang Mei, Pifu Gong, Zheshuai Lin, Junbo Zhong, Yuandong Wu. Wide band gap design of new chalcogenide compounds: KSrPS 4 and CsBaAsS 4. RSC Advances 2017, 7 (60) , 38044-38051. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA01142C
- Leyan Nian, Junben Huang, Kui Wu, Zhi Su, Zhihua Yang, Shilie Pan. BaCu 2 M IV Q 4 (M IV = Si, Ge, and Sn; Q = S, Se): synthesis, crystal structures, optical performances and theoretical calculations. RSC Advances 2017, 7 (47) , 29378-29385. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA05022D
- Rui-Huan Duan, Peng-Fei Liu, Hua Lin, Y. J. Zheng, Ju-Song Yu, Xin-Tao Wu, Shang-Xiong Huang-Fu, Ling Chen. Ba 6 Li 2 CdSn 4 S 16 : lithium substitution simultaneously enhances band gap and SHG intensity. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2017, 5 (28) , 7067-7074. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TC01811H
- Guangmao Li, Kui Wu, Qiong Liu, Zhihua Yang, Shilie Pan. ChemInform Abstract: Na 2 ZnGe 2 S 6 : A New Infrared Nonlinear Optical Material with Good Balance Between Large Second-Harmonic Generation Response and High Laser Damage Threshold.. ChemInform 2016, 47 (40) https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201640006
- Miriding Mutailipu, Zhi Li, Min Zhang, Dianwei Hou, Zhihua Yang, Bingbing Zhang, Hongping Wu, Shilie Pan. The mechanism of large second harmonic generation enhancement activated by Zn 2+ substitution. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2016, 18 (48) , 32931-32936. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP07391C
- Rui-Huan Duan, Ju-Song Yu, Hua Lin, Yu-Jun Zheng, Hua-Jun Zhao, Shang-Xiong Huang-Fu, Muhammad Ali Khan, Ling Chen, Li-Ming Wu. Pb 5 Ga 6 ZnS 15 : a noncentrosymmetric framework with chains of T2-supertetrahedra. Dalton Transactions 2016, 45 (31) , 12288-12291. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6DT02404A
- Maierhaba Abudoureheman, Shujuan Han, Bing-Hua Lei, Zhihua Yang, Xifa Long, Shilie Pan. KPb 2 (PO 3 ) 5 : a novel nonlinear optical lead polyphosphate with a short deep-UV cutoff edge. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2016, 4 (45) , 10630-10637. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TC03424A



