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Preparation and Characterization of Water/Oil and Water/Oil/Water Emulsions Containing Biopolymer-Gelled Water Droplets
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    Preparation and Characterization of Water/Oil and Water/Oil/Water Emulsions Containing Biopolymer-Gelled Water Droplets
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    Biopolymers and Colloids Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 1, 175–184
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061637q
    Published December 8, 2006
    Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    The purpose of this study was to create water-in-oil (W/O) and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions containing gelled internal water droplets. Twenty weight percent W/O emulsions stabilized by a nonionic surfactant (6.4 wt % polyglycerol polyricinoleate, PGPR) were prepared that contained either 0 or 15 wt % whey protein isolate (WPI) in the aqueous phase, with the WPI-containing emulsions being either unheated or heated (80 °C for 20 min) to gel the protein. Optical microscopy and sedimentation tests did not indicate any significant changes in droplet characteristics of the W/O emulsions depending on WPI content (0 or 15%), shearing (0−7 min at constant shear), thermal processing (30−90 °C for 30 min), or storage at room temperature (up to 3 weeks). W/O/W emulsions were produced by homogenizing the W/O emulsions with an aqueous Tween 20 solution using either a membrane homogenizer (MH) or a high-pressure valve homogenizer (HPVH). For the MH the mean oil droplet size decreased with increasing number of passes, whereas for the HPVH it decreased with increasing number of passes and increasing homogenization pressure. The HPVH produced smaller droplets than the MH, but the MH produced a narrower particle size distribution. All W/O/W emulsions had a high retention of water droplets (>95%) within the larger oil droplets after homogenization. This study shows that W/O/W emulsions containing oil droplets with gelled water droplets inside can be produced by using MH or HPVH.

    Keywords: Membrane homogenization; W/O emulsion; W/O/W emulsion; stability; gelled particles; multiple emulsion

    Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society

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     University of Massachusetts.

    §

     Loughborough University.

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     Author to whom correspondence should be addressed [telephone (413) 545-1019; fax (413) 545-1262; e-mail [email protected]].

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    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 1, 175–184
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061637q
    Published December 8, 2006
    Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society

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