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Ginger and Its Bioactive Component Inhibit Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin-Induced Diarrhea in Mice

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Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, Department of Microbiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +886 4 22053366 ext. 2163 (C.-Y.H.); +886 4 22053366 ext. 3302 (T.-Y.H.). Fax: +886 4 22053764 (C.-Y.H.); +886 4 22032295 (T.-Y.H.). E-mail: [email protected] (C.-Y.H.); [email protected] (T.-Y.H.).
†Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences.
‡Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
§Department of Biochemistry.
∥Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science.
⊥Department of Microbiology.
Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 21, 8390–8397
Publication Date (Web):September 20, 2007
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071460f
Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society

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    Abstract

    Ginger is one of the most commonly used fresh herbs and spices. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT)-induced diarrhea is the leading cause of infant death in developing countries. In this study, we demonstrated that ginger significantly blocked the binding of LT to cell-surface receptor GM1, resulting in the inhibition of fluid accumulation in the closed ileal loops of mice. Biological-activity-guided searching for active components showed that zingerone (vanillylacetone) was the likely active constituent responsible for the antidiarrheal efficacy of ginger. Further analysis of chemically synthesized zingerone derivatives revealed that compound 31 (2-[(4-methoxybenzyl)oxy]benzoic acid) significantly suppressed LT-induced diarrhea in mice via an excellent surface complementarity with the B subunits of LT. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that ginger and its derivatives may be effective herbal supplements for the clinical treatment of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea.

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    Solid-phase synthesis of 1-phenyl-3,5-dodecenediones and 3-phenyl-acrylaldehydes, the superimposition of cocrystal and docking structures of MNPG around the receptor-binding domain of LTB, X-Score results of MNPG and compound 31, and spectral characteristics of benzyloxybenzene compounds. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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