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Photovoltaic Performance and Morphology of Polyfluorene Blends:  A Combined Microscopic and Photovoltaic Investigation
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    Photovoltaic Performance and Morphology of Polyfluorene Blends:  A Combined Microscopic and Photovoltaic Investigation
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    Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK, and Central and New Businesses R&D, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674
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    Macromolecules

    Cite this: Macromolecules 2001, 34, 17, 6005–6013
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/ma010240e
    Published July 13, 2001
    Copyright © 2001 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    The interplay between phase separation in polyfluorene blends which show photoinduced charge transfer and photovoltaic performance in photodiodes has been investigated. Phase separation length scales have been varied from several microns to tens of nanometers by limiting the time allowed for solvent-enhanced self-organization through several different processing routes. Concurrent with the decrease in feature size, an increase in maximum photovoltaic efficiency of nearly 1 order of magnitude was observed in photodiodes incorporating the phase-separated blends as the active layer. The structure of the blend films was investigated using fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence scanning near-field optical microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. In some cases, a hierarchy of micron- and nanometer-scale phase separation was observed which may explain the unexpectedly high photoresponse in devices with up to micron-scale phase separation structure. This result along with in situ fluorescence microscopy studies of the transformation process highlights the complex, multistage nature of the conjugated polymer blend formation process which generally exhibits spinodal behavior.

    Copyright © 2001 American Chemical Society

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     Cavendish Laboratory.

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     Dow Chemical Company.

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    Cite this: Macromolecules 2001, 34, 17, 6005–6013
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/ma010240e
    Published July 13, 2001
    Copyright © 2001 American Chemical Society

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