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Revealing Bismuth Oxide Hollow Nanoparticle Formation by the Kirkendall Effect

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† Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
‡ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
§ Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
*E-mail: [email protected]
*E-mail: [email protected]
Cite this: Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 11, 5715–5719
Publication Date (Web):October 16, 2013
https://doi.org/10.1021/nl4035362
Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    We study the formation of bismuth oxide hollow nanoparticles by the Kirkendall effect using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Rich dynamics of bismuth diffusion through the bismuth oxide shell have been captured in situ. The diffusion coefficient of bismuth through bismuth oxide shell is 3–4 orders of magnitude higher than that of bulk. Observation reveals that defects, temperature, sizes of the particles, and so forth can affect the diffusion of reactive species and modify the kinetics of the hollowing process.

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    A description of materials and methods, Figures S1–S5, and seven supporting movies. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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