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High-Strength Composite Fibers: Realizing True Potential of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Matrix through Continuous Reticulate Architecture and Molecular Level Couplings

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    High-Strength Composite Fibers: Realizing True Potential of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Matrix through Continuous Reticulate Architecture and Molecular Level Couplings
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    Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, National Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
    * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
    †Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
    ‡National Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.
    §Rice University.
    ∥State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
    ⊥Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials.
    #Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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    Nano Letters

    Cite this: Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 8, 2855–2861
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/nl901035v
    Published July 8, 2009
    Copyright © 2009 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Carbon nanotubes have unprecedented mechanical properties as defect-free nanoscale building blocks, but their potential has not been fully realized in composite materials due to weakness at the interfaces. Here we demonstrate that through load-transfer-favored three-dimensional architecture and molecular level couplings with polymer chains, true potential of CNTs can be realized in composites as initially envisioned. Composite fibers with reticulate nanotube architectures show order of magnitude improvement in strength compared to randomly dispersed short CNT reinforced composites reported before. The molecular level couplings between nanotubes and polymer chains results in drastic differences in the properties of thermoset and thermoplastic composite fibers, which indicate that conventional macroscopic composite theory fails to explain the overall hybrid behavior at nanoscale.

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    Supporting Information

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    S1, description of the manufacture process of the composite fibers and the used test methods. S2, derivation of the eq 2. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Cite this: Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 8, 2855–2861
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