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Bionic Luminescent Sensors Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks: Auditory, Gustatory, and Olfactory Information Monitoring for Multimode Perception
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    Bionic Luminescent Sensors Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks: Auditory, Gustatory, and Olfactory Information Monitoring for Multimode Perception
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    • Xueping Quan
      Xueping Quan
      Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
      More by Xueping Quan
    • Kai Zhu
      Kai Zhu
      Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
      More by Kai Zhu
    • Yinsheng Liu
      Yinsheng Liu
      Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
      More by Yinsheng Liu
    • Bing Yan*
      Bing Yan
      Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
      *Email: [email protected]
      More by Bing Yan
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    ACS Nano

    Cite this: ACS Nano 2025, 19, 3, 3852–3864
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c15289
    Published January 13, 2025
    Copyright © 2025 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    The synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with excellent luminescent properties and their effective application in the field of bionic sensing remain a formidable challenge. Herein, a series of COFs with different numbers of hydroxyl groups are successfully synthesized, and the number of hydroxyl groups on the benzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (BTA) linker influences the properties of the final COFs. The COF (HHBTA-OH) prepared with hydrazine hydrate (HH) and BTA containing one hydroxyl group as the ligands exhibits the best fluorescent performance. MA@HHBTA-OH is formed by the reaction of HHBTA-OH with meldrum’s acid (MA) and has its extremely high hydrophilicity, dispersibility, and strong red fluorescence, which can imitate the human gustatory system to detect bitter substances. MA@HHBTA-OH was combined with agarose (AG) to construct a MA@HHBTA-OH@AG film for assessing food freshness. In addition, an acoustic MA@HHBTA-OH@MF sensor is fabricated by integrating luminescent MA@HHBTA-OH with melamine foam (MF) through a strong hydrogen bond. MA@HHBTA-OH@MF functions like an eardrum and recognizes sound through pressure waves with excellent mechanical sensing performance. In summary, biomimetic luminescent sensors based on MA@HHBTA-OH were successfully constructed, which can monitor auditory, gustatory, and olfactory information to achieve the multimode perception of sound, bitter substances, and food freshness.

    Copyright © 2025 American Chemical Society

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.4c15289.

    • Materials and methods; SEM images; EDS elemental mapping; N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms; TGA profiles; FT-IR patterns; PXRD patterns; luminescent spectra; and sound optical signals (PDF)

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    ACS Nano

    Cite this: ACS Nano 2025, 19, 3, 3852–3864
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c15289
    Published January 13, 2025
    Copyright © 2025 American Chemical Society

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