Sulfate Formation by Photosensitization in Mixed Incense Burning–Sodium Chloride Particles: Effects of RH, Light Intensity, and Aerosol AgingClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Rongzhi TangRongzhi TangSchool of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, ChinaShenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, ChinaMore by Rongzhi Tang
- Ruifeng ZhangRuifeng ZhangSchool of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, ChinaShenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, ChinaMore by Ruifeng Zhang
- Jialiang MaJialiang MaInstitute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyMore by Jialiang Ma
- Kai SongKai SongState Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaMore by Kai Song
- Brix Raphael GoBrix Raphael GoSchool of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, ChinaShenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, ChinaMore by Brix Raphael Go
- Rosemarie Ann Infante CuevasRosemarie Ann Infante CuevasSchool of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, ChinaShenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, ChinaMore by Rosemarie Ann Infante Cuevas
- Liyuan ZhouLiyuan ZhouSchool of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, ChinaShenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, ChinaMore by Liyuan Zhou
- Zhancong LiangZhancong LiangSchool of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, ChinaShenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, ChinaMore by Zhancong Liang
- Alexander L. VogelAlexander L. VogelInstitute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyMore by Alexander L. Vogel
- Song GuoSong GuoState Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaMore by Song Guo
- Chak K. Chan*Chak K. Chan*Email: [email protected]; [email protected]School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, ChinaShenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, ChinaLow-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, ChinaMore by Chak K. Chan
Abstract
Elevated particulate sulfate concentrations have been frequently observed in coastal areas when air masses are influenced by continental emissions, especially combustion sources like biomass burning. We studied the SO2 uptake by laboratory-generated droplets containing incense smoke extracts and sodium chloride (IS–NaCl) under irradiation and found enhanced sulfate production over pure NaCl droplets, attributable to photosensitization induced by constituents in IS. Low relative humidity and high light intensity facilitated sulfate formation and increased the SO2 uptake coefficient by IS–NaCl particles. Aging of the IS particles further enhanced sulfate production, attributable to the enhanced secondary oxidant production promoted by increased proportions of nitrogen-containing CHN and oxygen- and nitrogen-containing CHON species under light and air. Experiments using model compounds of syringaldehyde, pyrazine, and 4-nitroguaiacol verified the enhancements of CHN and CHON species in sulfate formation. This work provides experimental evidence of enhanced sulfate production in laboratory-generated IS–NaCl droplets via enhanced secondary oxidant production triggered by photosensitization in multiphase oxidation processes under light and air. Our results can shed light on the possible interactions between sea salt and biomass burning aerosols in enhancing sulfate production.
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