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Recombination between Photogenerated and Electrode-Induced Charges Dominates the Fill Factor Losses in Optimized Organic Solar Cells

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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10, 12, 3473-3480
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    Recombination between Photogenerated and Electrode-Induced Charges Dominates the Fill Factor Losses in Optimized Organic Solar Cells
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    • Uli Würfel*
      Uli Würfel
      Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
      Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
      *E-mail: [email protected]
      More by Uli Würfel
    • Lorena Perdigón-Toro
      Lorena Perdigón-Toro
      Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
      More by Lorena Perdigón-Toro
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0957-2027
    • Jona Kurpiers
      Jona Kurpiers
      Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
      More by Jona Kurpiers
    • Christian M. Wolff
      Christian M. Wolff
      Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
      More by Christian M. Wolff
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7210-1869
    • Pietro Caprioglio
      Pietro Caprioglio
      Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
      Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Kekuléstr. 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
      More by Pietro Caprioglio
    • Jeromy James Rech
      Jeromy James Rech
      Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-7963-9357
    • Jingshuai Zhu
      Jingshuai Zhu
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
      More by Jingshuai Zhu
    • Xiaowei Zhan
      Xiaowei Zhan
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
      More by Xiaowei Zhan
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-1006-3342
    • Wei You
      Wei You
      Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
      More by Wei You
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0354-1948
    • Safa Shoaee
      Safa Shoaee
      Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
      More by Safa Shoaee
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-834X
    • Dieter Neher
      Dieter Neher
      Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
      More by Dieter Neher
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-8403
    • Martin Stolterfoht*
      Martin Stolterfoht
      Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
      *E-mail: [email protected]
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4023-2178
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    The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

    Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10, 12, 3473–3480
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01175
    Published May 31, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Charge extraction in organic solar cells (OSCs) is commonly believed to be limited by bimolecular recombination of photogenerated charges. However, the fill factor of OSCs is usually almost entirely governed by recombination processes that scale with the first order of the light intensity. This linear loss was often interpreted to be a consequence of geminate or trap-assisted recombination. Numerical simulations show that this linear dependence is a direct consequence of the large amount of excess dark charge near the contact. The first-order losses increase with decreasing mobility of minority carriers, and we discuss the impact of several material and device parameters on this loss mechanism. This work highlights that OSCs are especially vulnerable to injected charges as a result of their poor charge transport properties. This implies that dark charges need to be better accounted for when interpreting electro-optical measurements and charge collection based on simple figures of merit.

    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01175.

    • Details of the experimental and numerical methods, a note about the terminology with respect to the recombination type and order, IPC measurements on other organic solar cell systems, chemical structures of the materials studied in this work, TDCF measurements, table with the parameters used for the numerical drift diffusion simulations, further simulation results on the impact of the recombination coefficient and film thickness, IPC measurements on thicker FTAZ:IDIC blends, and numerical simulations regarding the impact of the surface recombination velocity and interlayers (PDF)

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    Cited By

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    This article is cited by 28 publications.

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    The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

    Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10, 12, 3473–3480
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01175
    Published May 31, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
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