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Viscoelastic Adhesive, Super-Conformable, and Semi-Flowable Liquid Metal Eutectogels for High-Fidelity Electrophysiological Monitoring

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    Biological and Medical Applications of Materials and Interfaces

    Viscoelastic Adhesive, Super-Conformable, and Semi-Flowable Liquid Metal Eutectogels for High-Fidelity Electrophysiological Monitoring
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    • Jiancheng Dong
      Jiancheng Dong
      Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
      More by Jiancheng Dong
    • Haoran Liu
      Haoran Liu
      Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
      More by Haoran Liu
    • Taesu Lim
      Taesu Lim
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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    • Byungkook Oh
      Byungkook Oh
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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    • Yidong Peng
      Yidong Peng
      Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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    • Tianxi Liu*
      Tianxi Liu
      Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
      *Email: [email protected]
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    • Steve Park*
      Steve Park
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
      *Email: [email protected]
      More by Steve Park
    • Yunpeng Huang*
      Yunpeng Huang
      Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
      *Email: [email protected]
      More by Yunpeng Huang
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8710-9062
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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2024, 16, 27, 34732–34742
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c06728
    Published June 28, 2024
    Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Integrating gels with human skin through wearables provides unprecedented opportunities for health monitoring technology and artificial intelligence. However, most conductive hydrogels, organogels, and ionogels lack essential environmental stability, biocompatibility, and adhesion for reliable epidermal sensing. In this study, we have developed a liquid metal eutectogel simultaneously possessing superior viscoelasticity, semiflowability, and mechanical rigidity for low interfacial skin impedance, high skin adhesion, and durability. Liquid metal particles (LMPs) are employed to generate free radicals and gallium ions to accelerate the polymerization of acrylic acid monomers in a deep eutectic solvent (DES), obtaining highly viscoelastic polymer networks via physical cross-linking. In particular, graphene oxide (GO) is utilized to encapsulate the LMPs through a sonication-assisted electrostatic assembly to stabilize the LMPs in DES, which also enhances the mechanical toughness and regulates the rheological properties of the eutectogels. Our optimized semi-flowable eutectogel exhibits viscous fluid behavior at low shear rates, facilitating a highly conformable interface with hairy skin. Simultaneously, it demonstrates viscoelastic behavior at high shear rates, allowing for easy peel-off. These distinctive attributes enable the successful applications of on-skin adhesive strain sensing and high-fidelity human electrophysiological (EP) monitoring, showcasing the versatility of these ionically conductive liquid metal eutectogels in advanced personal health monitoring.

    Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c06728.

    • Elemental mapping for the GLMP; dispersion of LMP, LMP/DES, and GLMP/DES; FTIR spectra of PAA, PAAL, and PAAGL eutectogels; microscope images of leaf and eutectogel; viscoelastic windows of pressure-sensitive adhesive; digital photos of PAAGL eutectogel; illustration of conformal interface between eutectogel and skin; biocompatibility evaluation; stretching–releasing test; SNR of ECG and EOG; EMG signals; digital photos of GO/DES dispersion; and feature comparison between our eutectogels and other reported epidermal dry electrodes, wet electrodes, and eutectogels (PDF)

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    This article is cited by 1 publications.

    1. Shanshan Liao, Jinqing Qu. Self-Adhesive Wearable Strain Sensors Based on Transparent, Tough, Antibacterial, Self-Healing Polymeric Eutectogels. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2025, Article ASAP.
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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2024, 16, 27, 34732–34742
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c06728
    Published June 28, 2024
    Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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