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ACS Publications. Most Trusted. Most Cited. Most Read
An Unprecedented Vapor-Phase Sintering Activator for Highly Refractory Proton-Conducting Oxides

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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:ACS Energy Lett. 2022, 7, 11, 4036-4044
    Letter

    An Unprecedented Vapor-Phase Sintering Activator for Highly Refractory Proton-Conducting Oxides
    Click to copy article linkArticle link copied!

    • Hyegsoon An
      Hyegsoon An
      Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      More by Hyegsoon An
    • Seunghyeok Im
      Seunghyeok Im
      Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST)Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      More by Seunghyeok Im
    • Junseok Kim
      Junseok Kim
      Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul02841, Republic of Korea
      More by Junseok Kim
    • Byung-Kook Kim
      Byung-Kook Kim
      Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      More by Byung-Kook Kim
    • Ji-Won Son
      Ji-Won Son
      Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul02841, Republic of Korea
      More by Ji-Won Son
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-0633
    • Kyung Joong Yoon
      Kyung Joong Yoon
      Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, Republic of Korea
      More by Kyung Joong Yoon
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-5111
    • Hyoungchul Kim
      Hyoungchul Kim
      Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      More by Hyoungchul Kim
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3109-660X
    • Sungeun Yang
      Sungeun Yang
      Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST)Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      More by Sungeun Yang
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9202-930X
    • Hyungmook Kang*
      Hyungmook Kang
      Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      *[email protected]
      More by Hyungmook Kang
    • Jong-Ho Lee*
      Jong-Ho Lee
      Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST)Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      *[email protected]
      More by Jong-Ho Lee
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-6258
    • Ho-Il Ji*
      Ho-Il Ji
      Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST)Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
      *[email protected]
      More by Ho-Il Ji
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-991X
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    ACS Energy Letters

    Cite this: ACS Energy Lett. 2022, 7, 11, 4036–4044
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02059
    Published October 21, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Proton-conducting oxides provide opportunities to boost the electrochemical characteristics of various energy conversion devices owing to their high ionic conductivity. While these oxides alone require high-temperature sintering above 1600 °C to gain full density, surprisingly, their thin membrane on Ni-based electrodes can be readily densified even below 1400 °C. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear despite their widespread use, thereby hindering reliable fabrication of electrochemical devices. Here we reveal the mechanism by which an unprecedented type of sintering activator, vapor-phase BaNiOx, released from the transient phase in the electrode, is responsible for the accelerated sintering of refractory proton-conducting oxides. In contrast to conventional solid-phase sintering additives, the vapor-phase sintering activator is naturally supplied with an optimally small amount, which minimizes the residue but achieves sufficient enhancement of the sinterability, leading to negligible degradation of the electrical properties of the membrane. These findings establish a platform for fabrication of protonic ceramic electrochemical devices.

    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02059.

    • Compositional analysis, dilatometery results, SEM images, XRD results, TG profile, APT 3D reconstruction images, conductivity results, and snapshots of MD simulation, including Tables S1–S4 and Figures S1–S12 (PDF)

    • Movie 1: barium oxide evaporation observed in MD simulation (MP4)

    • Movie 2: barium nickel oxide evaporation observed in MD simulation (MP4)

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    ACS Energy Letters

    Cite this: ACS Energy Lett. 2022, 7, 11, 4036–4044
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02059
    Published October 21, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society
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