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Hybrid Plasmonic Bullseye Antennas for Efficient Photon Collection
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    Hybrid Plasmonic Bullseye Antennas for Efficient Photon Collection
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    • Sebastian K. H. Andersen*
      Sebastian K. H. Andersen
      Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
      *E-mail: [email protected]
    • Simeon Bogdanov
      Simeon Bogdanov
      School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue Quantum Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
    • Oksana Makarova
      Oksana Makarova
      School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue Quantum Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
    • Yi Xuan
      Yi Xuan
      School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue Quantum Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
      More by Yi Xuan
    • Mikhail Y. Shalaginov
      Mikhail Y. Shalaginov
      School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue Quantum Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
    • Alexandra Boltasseva
      Alexandra Boltasseva
      School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue Quantum Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
    • Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi
      Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi
      Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
    • Vladimir M. Shalaev
      Vladimir M. Shalaev
      School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue Quantum Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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    ACS Photonics

    Cite this: ACS Photonics 2018, 5, 3, 692–698
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01194
    Published January 7, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    We propose highly efficient hybrid plasmonic bullseye antennas for collecting photon emission from nm-sized quantum emitters. In our approach, the emitter radiation is coupled to surface plasmon polaritons that are consequently converted into highly directional out-of-plane emission. The proposed configuration consists of a high-index titania bullseye grating separated from a planar silver film by a thin low-index silica spacer layer. Such hybrid systems are theoretically capable of directing 85% of the dipole emission into a 0.9 NA objective, while featuring a spectrally narrow-band tunable decay rate enhancement of close to 20 at the design wavelength. Hybrid antenna structures were fabricated by standard electron-beam lithography without the use of lossy adhesion layers that might be detrimental to antenna performance. The fabricated antennas remained undamaged at saturation laser powers exhibiting stable operation. For experimental characterization of the antenna properties, a fluorescent nanodiamond containing multiple nitrogen vacancy centers (NV-center) was deterministically placed in the bullseye center, using an atomic force microscope. Probing the NV-center fluorescence we demonstrate resonantly enhanced, highly directional emission at the design wavelength of 670 nm, whose characteristics are in excellent agreement with our numerical simulations.

    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01194.

    • S1: Schematic of experimental setup. S2: Analytical model of electric dipole above silver film. S3: Ellipsometry measurement of TiO2 refractive index. S4: Numerical optimization procedure of bullseye antenna. S5: Antenna performance as function vertical dipole position S6: Comparison of bullseye emission angle with grating equation. S7: Optimized antenna design for different TiO2 heights. S8: Antenna fluorescence image in log scale S9: Confocal scan of bullseye antenna with- and without ND. S10: Lifetime distribution measurements (PDF).

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    ACS Photonics

    Cite this: ACS Photonics 2018, 5, 3, 692–698
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01194
    Published January 7, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

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