ACS Publications. Most Trusted. Most Cited. Most Read
Biomass Nanomicelles Assist Conjugated Polymers/Pt Cocatalysts To Achieve High Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

OR SEARCH CITATIONS

My Activity
Publications

Figure 1Loading Img
Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 4, 4128-4135
    Research Article

    Biomass Nanomicelles Assist Conjugated Polymers/Pt Cocatalysts To Achieve High Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
    Click to copy article linkArticle link copied!

    • Xi Zhang
      Xi Zhang
      Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
      More by Xi Zhang
    • Feng Shen
      Feng Shen
      Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
      More by Feng Shen
    • Zhicheng Hu*
      Zhicheng Hu
      Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
      *E-mail: [email protected] (Z. Hu).
      More by Zhicheng Hu
    • Yichen Wu
      Yichen Wu
      Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
      More by Yichen Wu
    • Haoran Tang
      Haoran Tang
      Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
      More by Haoran Tang
    • Jianchao Jia
      Jianchao Jia
      Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
      More by Jianchao Jia
    • Xiaohui Wang*
      Xiaohui Wang
      Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
      *E-mail: [email protected] (X. Wang).
      More by Xiaohui Wang
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3769-2325
    • Fei Huang*
      Fei Huang
      Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
      *E-mail: [email protected] (F. Huang).
      More by Fei Huang
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9665-6642
    • Yong Cao
      Yong Cao
      Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
      More by Yong Cao
    Other Access OptionsSupporting Information (1)

    ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

    Cite this: ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 4, 4128–4135
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05637
    Published January 16, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

    Abstract

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!
    Abstract Image

    Conjugated polymers are emerging as promising organic photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution; however, they are suffering from poor water dispersabilities. Herein, this problem is addressed in an easy and green way with the assistance of a biomass-derived material. An amphipathic xylan derivative that can be self-assembled into nanomicelles was employed as carriers to encapsulate a series of conjugated polymers to form uniform composite micelles in water. By this way, the hydrophobic conjugated polymers and their blends were successfully dispersed into water and thus enabling efficient hydrogen evolution. Moreover, the energy level offsets of these conjugated polymers enable the formation of photoinduced charge transfer (PCT) process and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process in their composite micelles. The photocatalytic experimental results showed that in these composite micelles, conjugated polymer blends with PCT characteristic delivered much higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates over that of pristine polymer, while conjugated polymer blends with FRET characteristic delivered negligible improvement. Our results demonstrated effective strategies to improve the photocatalytic activity of conjugated polymers, which could also be applied to other photocatalytic materials and systems.

    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society

    Subjects

    what are subjects

    Keywords

    what are keywords

    Read this article

    To access this article, please review the available access options below.

    Get instant access

    Purchase Access

    Read this article for 48 hours. Check out below using your ACS ID or as a guest.

    Recommended

    Access through Your Institution

    You may have access to this article through your institution.

    Your institution does not have access to this content. Add or change your institution or let them know you’d like them to include access.

    Supporting Information

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05637.

    • Synthetic route of polymers, X-g-NMe and their typical monomers, calculations of HLB and redox potential of water, DLS patterns of micelles, CV curves of polymers, UV–vis absorption spectra of polymer blend micelles and photocatalytic activities (PDF)

    Terms & Conditions

    Electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. The American Chemical Society holds a copyright ownership interest in any copyrightable Supporting Information. Files available from the ACS website may be downloaded for personal use only. Users are not otherwise permitted to reproduce, republish, redistribute, or sell any Supporting Information from the ACS website, either in whole or in part, in either machine-readable form or any other form without permission from the American Chemical Society. For permission to reproduce, republish and redistribute this material, requesters must process their own requests via the RightsLink permission system. Information about how to use the RightsLink permission system can be found at http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

    Cited By

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

    This article is cited by 43 publications.

    1. Zi Goh, Andrew Dolan, Jessica M. de la Perrelle, Martyn Jevric, Xun Pan, Mats R. Andersson, David M. Huang, Tak W. Kee. Preparation-Dependent Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Organic Semiconducting Nanoparticles. ACS Applied Nano Materials 2024, 7 (22) , 25544-25555. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c04625
    2. Mantao Chen, Tianjing Xu, Wei Wu, Waner Li, Chao Zeng, Fei Li, Chunhui Dai. Designing Semiconducting Polymer Dots for High-Efficiency CO2 Photoreduction Using the Intramolecular Energy Transfer Strategy. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2024, 6 (17) , 10875-10881. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c01997
    3. Catherine M. Aitchison, Iain McCulloch. Organic Photovoltaic Materials for Solar Fuel Applications: A Perfect Match?. Chemistry of Materials 2024, 36 (4) , 1781-1792. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02286
    4. Williams Kweku Darkwah, Alfred Bekoe Appiagyei, Joshua B. Puplampu. Transforming the Petroleum Industry through Catalytic Oxidation Reactions vis-à-vis Preceramic Polymer Catalyst Supports. ACS Omega 2023, 8 (38) , 34215-34234. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c07562
    5. Mohamed Hammad Elsayed, Mohamed Abdellah, Yi-Hao Hung, Jayachandran Jayakumar, Li-Yu Ting, Ahmed M. Elewa, Chih-Li Chang, Wei-Cheng Lin, Kuo-Lung Wang, Mahmoud Abdel-Hafiez, Hsiao-Wen Hung, Masaki Horie, Ho-Hsiu Chou. Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Conjugated Polymer Dots as Binary Photocatalysts for Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution through Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2021, 13 (47) , 56554-56565. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c15812
    6. Chenglong Ru, Tong Zhou, Jin Zhang, Xuan Wu, Pengyao Sun, Peiyan Chen, Lian Zhou, Hao Zhao, Jincai Wu, Xiaobo Pan. Introducing Secondary Acceptors into Conjugated Polymers to Improve Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Macromolecules 2021, 54 (18) , 8839-8848. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00705
    7. Yubo Hu, Yuxiang Liu, Jun Wu, Yuda Li, Jiaxing Jiang, Feng Wang. A Case Study on a Soluble Dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide-Based Conjugated Polyelectrolyte for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production: The Film versus the Bulk Material. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2021, 13 (36) , 42753-42762. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c10748
    8. Xin Zhao, Xi Zhang, Yuanying Liang, Zhicheng Hu, Fei Huang. Porphyrin-Based Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Macromolecules 2021, 54 (10) , 4902-4909. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00489
    9. Aijie Liu, Lars Gedda, Martin Axelsson, Mariia Pavliuk, Katarina Edwards, Leif Hammarström, Haining Tian. Panchromatic Ternary Polymer Dots Involving Sub-Picosecond Energy and Charge Transfer for Efficient and Stable Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2021, 143 (7) , 2875-2885. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c12654
    10. Zhi-Peng Yu, Kangrong Yan, Wajid Ullah, Hongzheng Chen, Chang-Zhi Li. Conjugated Polymers for Photon-to-Electron and Photon-to-Fuel Conversions. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2021, 3 (1) , 60-92. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c00791
    11. Michael Sachs, Hyojung Cha, Jan Kosco, Catherine M. Aitchison, Laia Francàs, Sacha Corby, Chao-Lung Chiang, Anna A. Wilson, Robert Godin, Alexander Fahey-Williams, Andrew I. Cooper, Reiner Sebastian Sprick, Iain McCulloch, James R. Durrant. Tracking Charge Transfer to Residual Metal Clusters in Conjugated Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2020, 142 (34) , 14574-14587. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c06104
    12. Muhammad Rafiq, Zhen Chen, Haoran Tang, Zhicheng Hu, Xi Zhang, Yetong Xing, Yingwei Li, Fei Huang. Water–Alcohol-Soluble Hyperbranched Polyelectrolytes and Their Application in Polymer Solar Cells and Photocatalysis. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2020, 2 (1) , 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b00859
    13. Yichen Wu, Xi Zhang, Yetong Xing, Zhicheng Hu, Haoran Tang, Wei Luo, Fei Huang, Yong Cao. Substituent Regulation Improves Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes. ACS Materials Letters 2019, 1 (6) , 620-627. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.9b00325
    14. Richard Jack Lyons, Reiner Sebastian Sprick. Processing polymer photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Materials Horizons 2024, 11 (16) , 3764-3791. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MH00482E
    15. Rajender Boddula, Yen-Yi Lee, Srinivaas Masimukku, Guo-Ping Chang-Chien, Ramyakrishna Pothu, Rajesh Kumar Srivastava, Prakash Kumar Sarangi, Manickam Selvaraj, Sanjay Basumatary, Noora Al-Qahtani. Sustainable hydrogen production: Solar-powered biomass conversion explored through (Photo)electrochemical advancements. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2024, 186 , 1149-1168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.04.068
    16. Miaojie Yu, Weiwei Zhang, Xueyan Liu, Guohui Zhao, Jun Du, Yongzhen Wu, Wei-Hong Zhu. Energy transfer enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in organic heterostructure nanoparticles via flash nanoprecipitation processing. Green Energy & Environment 2024, 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gee.2024.04.001
    17. Chih‐Li Chang, Tse‐Fu Huang, Wei‐Cheng Lin, Li‐Yu Ting, Chin‐Hsuan Shih, Yan‐Heng Chen, Jia‐Jen Liu, Yu‐Tung Lin, Yuang‐Ting Tseng, Yi‐Hsiang Wu, Yu‐En Sun, Mohamed Hammad Elsayed, Chin‐Wen Chen, Chi‐Hua Yu, Ho‐Hsiu Chou. Synergistic Effect of Crown Ether and Main‐Chain Engineering for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution of Polymer Photocatalysts in Seawater. Advanced Energy Materials 2023, 13 (29) https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202300986
    18. Li Tian, Haowei Lin, Mengya Shang, Xi Zhang, XueFei Zhou, Shanhong Xu, Cheng-Xing Cui, Airong Wang. Improving the photocatalytic performance of conjugated polyelectrolytes via substituent optimization. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2023, 11 (28) , 9678-9685. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TC01181J
    19. Lirong Huang, Chaoqing Mo, Ailan Qu, Yao Chen. The effects of terminal groups on the structure and photocatalytic performance of imine-linked conjugated polymers. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 2023, 438 , 114481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114481
    20. Qimeng Zhu, Chunhua Zhang, Na Zhu, Junyao Gong, Zhaozixuan Zhou, Dan Sheng, Sijie Zhou, Xiaofeng Wang, Zhuan Fu, Liangjun Xia. Preparation of polyester yarns with bright color and enhanced hydrophobicity using lotus leaf powders. Industrial Crops and Products 2023, 193 , 116152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.116152
    21. Jiaxing Zhong, Yuanli Li, Hang Zhang, Zhenghan Zhang, Kezhen Qi, Hui Zhang, Chunlang Gao, Yongli Li, Lihua Wang, Zaicheng Sun, Chunqiang Zhuang, Xiaodong Han. Highly efficient charge transfer from small-sized cadmium sulfide nanosheets to large-scale nitrogen-doped carbon for visible-light dominated hydrogen evolution. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2023, 630 , 260-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.083
    22. Anshuman Rai, Mohd Jahir Khan, Ankesh Ahirwar, Rahul Deka, Nikhil Singh, Benoit Schoefs, Justine Marchand, Sunita Varjani, Vandana Vinayak. Hydrogen economy and storage by nanoporous microalgae diatom: Special emphasis on designing photobioreactors. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2022, 47 (100) , 42099-42121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.01.057
    23. Yuyuan Wang, Xiaoqian Zhang, Lijun Kan, Feng Shen, Hao Ling, Xiaohui Wang. All-biomass-based eco-friendly waterproof coating for paper-based green packaging. Green Chemistry 2022, 24 (18) , 7039-7048. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC02265F
    24. Chao Li, Alexander J. Cowan, Adrian M. Gardner. Transient absorption spectroscopic studies of linear polymeric photocatalysts for solar fuel generation. Chemical Physics Reviews 2022, 3 (3) https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0098274
    25. Mariia V. Pavliuk, Sina Wrede, Aijie Liu, Andjela Brnovic, Sicong Wang, Martin Axelsson, Haining Tian. Preparation, characterization, evaluation and mechanistic study of organic polymer nano-photocatalysts for solar fuel production. Chemical Society Reviews 2022, 51 (16) , 6909-6935. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CS00356B
    26. Jingsong Luo, Jun Wu, Yuxiang Liu, Jiahuan Yuan, Feng Wang. Enhanced visible light photocatalytic hydrogen production over poly(dibenzothiophene- S , S -dioxide)-based heterostructures decorated by Earth-abundant layered double hydroxides. Dalton Transactions 2022, 51 (31) , 11768-11775. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2DT01465C
    27. Renlong Li, Xiongbo Zhang, Chong Zhang, Jianfeng Lu, Ji-Chao Wang, Cheng-Xing Cui, Xiye Yang, Fei Huang, Jia-Xing Jiang, Yuping Zhang. Adenine-functionalized conjugated polymer as an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution from water. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2022, 47 (69) , 29771-29780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.296
    28. Xiaoyu Lin, Yuanying Liang, Zhicheng Hu, Xi Zhang, Youcai Liang, Zhengwei Hu, Fei Huang, Yong Cao. Electrospun Donor/Acceptor Nanofibers for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Nanomaterials 2022, 12 (9) , 1535. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091535
    29. Sanghyeok An, Syed Zahid Hassan, Jin‐Woo Jung, Hyojung Cha, Chang‐Hee Cho, Dae Sung Chung. Covalent Networking of a Conjugated‐Polymer Photocatalyst to Promote Exciton Diffusion in the Aqueous Phase for Efficient Hydrogen Production. Small Methods 2022, 6 (4) https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202200010
    30. Yujie Yang, Donghui Li, Pang Wang, Xue Zhang, Huijun Zhang, Baocai Du, Chuanhang Guo, Tao Wang, Dan Liu. Polymer/non-fullerene acceptor bulk heterojunction nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production from water. Polymer 2022, 244 , 124667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124667
    31. Ahmed M. Elewa, Jayachandran Jayakumar, Yen-Wen Huang, Mohamed Hammad Elsayed, Chih-Li Chang, Li-Yu Ting, Wei-Cheng Lin, Chu-Chen Chueh, Ho-Hsiu Chou. Biaxially extended side-chain conjugation of benzodithiophene-based polymer dots for superior photocatalytic stability under visible-light irradiation. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2022, 10 (1) , 106927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106927
    32. Guangye Zhang, Chen Xie, Peng You, Shunpu Li. Organic Photocatalysts for Water Splitting. 2022, 221-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6091-8_8
    33. Lirong Huang, Chaoqing Mo, Ailan Qu, Yao Chen. The Effects of Terminal Groups on the Structure and Photocatalytic Performance of Imine-Linked Conjugated Polymers. SSRN Electronic Journal 2022, 44 https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4128546
    34. Yang Bai, Kedar Hippalgaonkar, Reiner Sebastian Sprick. Organic materials as photocatalysts for water splitting. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2021, 9 (30) , 16222-16232. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA03710B
    35. Wei-Cheng Lin, Mohamed Hammad Elsayed, Jayachandran Jayakumar, Li-Yu Ting, Chih-Li Chang, Ahmed M. Elewa, Wen-Shin Wang, Chih-Chia Chung, Chia-Yeh Lu, Ho-Hsiu Chou. Design and synthesis of cyclometalated iridium-based polymer dots as photocatalysts for visible light-driven hydrogen evolution. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 45 (56) , 32072-32081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.08.288
    36. Wen-Hsin Wang, Li-Yu Ting, Jayachandran Jayakumar, Chih-Li Chang, Wei-Cheng Lin, Chih-Chia Chung, Mohamed Hammad Elsayed, Chia-Yeh Lu, Ahmed M. Elewa, Ho-Hsiu Chou. Design and synthesis of phenylphosphine oxide-based polymer photocatalysts for highly efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2020, 4 (10) , 5264-5270. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SE00928H
    37. Andrew Wadsworth, Zeinab Hamid, Jan Kosco, Nicola Gasparini, Iain McCulloch. The Bulk Heterojunction in Organic Photovoltaic, Photodetector, and Photocatalytic Applications. Advanced Materials 2020, 32 (38) https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202001763
    38. Chih-Li Chang, Wei-Cheng Lin, Chuan-Yu Jia, Li-Yu Ting, Jayachandran Jayakumar, Mohamed Hammad Elsayed, Yong-Quan Yang, Yang-Hsiang Chan, Wen-Shin Wang, Chia-Yeh Lu, Pei-Yu Chen, Ho-Hsiu Chou. Low-toxic cycloplatinated polymer dots with rational design of acceptor co-monomers for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency and stability. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2020, 268 , 118436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118436
    39. Yuanqing Bai, Zhicheng Hu, Jia‐Xing Jiang, Fei Huang. Hydrophilic Conjugated Materials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry – An Asian Journal 2020, 15 (12) , 1780-1790. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.202000247
    40. Jan Kosco, Matthew Bidwell, Hyojung Cha, Tyler Martin, Calvyn T. Howells, Michael Sachs, Dalaver H. Anjum, Sandra Gonzalez Lopez, Lingyu Zou, Andrew Wadsworth, Weimin Zhang, Lisheng Zhang, James Tellam, Rachid Sougrat, Frédéric Laquai, Dean M. DeLongchamp, James R. Durrant, Iain McCulloch. Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from organic semiconductor heterojunction nanoparticles. Nature Materials 2020, 19 (5) , 559-565. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0591-1
    41. Yu Chen, Xiang Gao, Xinwei Liu, Guipeng Ji, Li Fu, Yingze Yang, Qiqi Yu, Wenjing Zhang, Xiaomeng Xue. Water collection from air by ionic liquids for efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution by metal-free conjugated polymer photocatalysts. Renewable Energy 2020, 147 , 594-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.029
    42. Li-Yu Ting, Jayachandran Jayakumar, Chih-Li Chang, Wei-Cheng Lin, Mohamed Hammad Elsayed, Ho-Hsiu Chou. Effect of controlling the number of fused rings on polymer photocatalysts for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2019, 7 (40) , 22924-22929. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA06425G
    43. Zhicheng Hu, Xi Zhang, Qingwu Yin, Xiaocheng Liu, Xiao-fang Jiang, Zhiming Chen, Xiye Yang, Fei Huang, Yong Cao. Highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water-soluble conjugated polyelectrolytes. Nano Energy 2019, 60 , 775-783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.04.027
    Download PDF
    Go to ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
    Get e-Alerts
    Get e-Alerts

    ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

    Cite this: ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 4, 4128–4135
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05637
    Published January 16, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

    Article Views

    2154

    Altmetric

    -

    Citations

    43
    Learn about these metrics

    Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.

    Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.

    The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.