Switchable Radical Carbonylation by Philicity RegulationClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Bin LuBin LuKey Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. ChinaMore by Bin Lu
- Minghao XuMinghao XuMaterials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. ChinaMore by Minghao Xu
- Xiaotian QiXiaotian QiMaterials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. ChinaMore by Xiaotian Qi
- Min JiangMin JiangCollege of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. ChinaMore by Min Jiang
- Wen-Jing Xiao*Wen-Jing Xiao*Email: [email protected]Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. ChinaMore by Wen-Jing Xiao
- Jia-Rong Chen*Jia-Rong Chen*Email: [email protected]Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. ChinaMore by Jia-Rong Chen
Abstract
Carbonylation reactions involving CO as readily available C1 synthons have become one of the most important tools for the construction of carbonyl compounds from feedstock chemicals. Despite numerous catalytic methods for carbonylation reactions proceeding via ionic or radical pathways, an inherent limitation to these methods is the need to control switchable single and double carbonylative formation of value-added products from the same and simple starting materials. Here, we describe a new strategy that exploits photoredox catalysis to regulate the philicity of amine coupling partners to drive switchable radical carbonylation reactions. In double carbonylation, amines were first transformed into nitrogen radical cations by single-electron transfer-oxidation and coupled with CO to form carbamoyl radicals, which further underwent radical cross-coupling with the incipient cyanoalkyl acyl radicals to afford the double carbonylation products. Upon the addition of stoichiometric 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), DMAP competitively traps the initially formed cyanoalkyl acyl radical to form the relatively stabilized cyanoalkyl acyl-DMAP salts that engaged in the subsequent substitution with the nucleophilic amines to produce the single carbonylation products. The reaction proceeded smoothly with excellent selectivity in the presence of various amine nucleophiles at room temperature, generating valuable amides and α-ketoamides in a versatile and controlled fashion. Combined experimental and computational studies provided mechanistic insights into the possible pathways.
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