Ampulexins: A New Family of Peptides in Venom of the Emerald Jewel Wasp, Ampulex compressaClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Eugene L. MooreEugene L. MooreDepartments of Entomology and Cell Biology & Neuroscience and Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United StatesMore by Eugene L. Moore
- Ryan ArvidsonRyan ArvidsonDepartments of Entomology and Cell Biology & Neuroscience and Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United StatesMore by Ryan Arvidson
- Christopher BanksChristopher BanksDepartments of Entomology and Cell Biology & Neuroscience and Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United StatesMore by Christopher Banks
- Jean Paul UrendaJean Paul UrendaDepartments of Entomology and Cell Biology & Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United StatesMore by Jean Paul Urenda
- Elizabeth DuongElizabeth DuongDepartments of Entomology and Cell Biology & Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United StatesMore by Elizabeth Duong
- Haroun MohammedHaroun MohammedDepartments of Entomology and Cell Biology & Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United StatesMore by Haroun Mohammed
- Michael E. Adams*Michael E. Adams*E-mail: [email protected]Departments of Entomology and Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United StatesMore by Michael E. Adams
Abstract

The parasitoid wasp Ampulex compressa injects venom directly into the brain and subesophageal ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana, inducing a 7 to 10 day lethargy termed hypokinesia. Hypokinesia presents as a significant reduction in both escape response and spontaneous walking. We examined aminergic and peptidergic components of milked venom with HPLC and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection confirmed the presence of dopamine in milked venom, while mass spectrometry revealed that the venom gland and venom sac have distinct peptide profiles, with milked venom predominantly composed of venom sac peptides. We isolated and characterized novel α-helical, amphipathic venom sac peptides that constitute a new family of venom toxins termed ampulexins. Injection of the most abundant venom peptide, ampulexin 1, into the subesophageal ganglion of cockroaches resulted in a short-term increase in escape threshold. Neither milked venom nor venom peptides interfered with growth of Escherichia coli or Bacillus thuringiensis on agar plates, and exposure to ampulexins or milked venom did not induce cell death in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) or Hi5 cells (Trichoplusia ni).
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