Polymer-Derived Heteroatom-Doped Porous Carbon MaterialsClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Hong Wang*Hong Wang*Email: [email protected]Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. ChinaMore by Hong Wang
- Yue ShaoYue ShaoKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. ChinaMore by Yue Shao
- Shilin MeiShilin MeiDepartment for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, GermanyMore by Shilin Mei
- Yan LuYan LuDepartment for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, GermanyMore by Yan Lu
- Miao ZhangMiao ZhangDepartment of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, SwedenMore by Miao Zhang
- Jian-ke SunJian-ke SunDepartment of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, SwedenSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. ChinaMore by Jian-ke Sun
- Krzysztof MatyjaszewskiKrzysztof MatyjaszewskiDepartment of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United StatesMore by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Markus AntoniettiMarkus AntoniettiDepartment of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14469 Potsdam, GermanyMore by Markus Antonietti
- Jiayin Yuan*Jiayin Yuan*Email: [email protected]Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, SwedenMore by Jiayin Yuan
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials (HPCMs) have found extensive applications in adsorption/separation, organic catalysis, sensing, and energy conversion/storage. The judicious choice of carbon precursors is crucial for the manufacture of HPCMs with specific usages and maximization of their functions. In this regard, polymers as precursors have demonstrated great promise because of their versatile molecular and nanoscale structures, modulatable chemical composition, and rich processing techniques to generate textures that, in combination with proper solid-state chemistry, can be maintained throughout carbonization. This Review comprehensively surveys the progress in polymer-derived functional HPCMs in terms of how to produce and control their porosities, heteroatom doping effects, and morphologies and their related use. First, we summarize and discuss synthetic approaches, including hard and soft templating methods as well as direct synthesis strategies employing polymers to control the pores and/or heteroatoms in HPCMs. Second, we summarize the heteroatom doping effects on the thermal stability, electronic and optical properties, and surface chemistry of HPCMs. Specifically, the heteroatom doping effect, which involves both single-type heteroatom doping and codoping of two or more types of heteroatoms into the carbon network, is discussed. Considering the significance of the morphologies of HPCMs in their application spectrum, potential choices of suitable polymeric precursors and strategies to precisely regulate the morphologies of HPCMs are presented. Finally, we provide our perspective on how to predefine the structures of HPCMs by using polymers to realize their potential applications in the current fields of energy generation/conversion and environmental remediation. We believe that these analyses and deductions are valuable for a systematic understanding of polymer-derived carbon materials and will serve as a source of inspiration for the design of future HPCMs.
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