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    Differential Decay of Wastewater Bacteria and Change of Microbial Communities in Beach Sand and Seawater Microcosms
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    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
    *Phone: 808-956-6024. Fax: 808-956-5014. E-mail: [email protected]
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 14, 8531–8540
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01879
    Published June 30, 2015
    Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society
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    Laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted to determine the decay kinetics of wastewater bacteria and the change of microbial communities in beach sand and seawater. Cultivation-based methods showed that common fecal indicator bacteria (FIBs; Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens) exhibited biphasic decay patterns in all microcosms. Enterococci and C. perfringens, but not E. coli, showed significantly smaller decay rates in beach sand than in seawater. Cultivation-independent qPCR quantification of 16S rRNA gene also showed significantly slower decrease of total bacterial densities in beach sand than in seawater. Microbial community analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS) further illustrated that the decreasing relative abundance of wastewater bacteria was contrasted by the increase in indigenous beach sand and seawater microbiota, and the overall microbial community dynamics corresponded well with the decay of individual FIB populations. In summary, the differential decay of wastewater bacteria in beach sand and in seawater provides a kinetic explanation to the often-observed higher abundance of FIBs in beach sand, and the NGS-based microbial community analysis can provide valuable insights to understanding the fate of wastewater bacteria in the context of indigenous microbial communities in natural environments.

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    Additional information on persisting FIB concentrations and microbial diversity indices in the beach sand and seawater microcossms. The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01879.

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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 14, 8531–8540
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01879
    Published June 30, 2015
    Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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