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Biodegradation of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Plastic under Anaerobic Sludge and Aerobic Seawater Conditions: Gas Evolution and Microbial Diversity

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    Biodegradation of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Plastic under Anaerobic Sludge and Aerobic Seawater Conditions: Gas Evolution and Microbial Diversity
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    • Shunli Wang*
      Shunli Wang
      College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
      New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
      *Phone: 706-383-7014; Fax: 706-542-8806; E-mail: [email protected]
      More by Shunli Wang
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-1456-8727
    • Keri A. Lydon
      Keri A. Lydon
      Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
      More by Keri A. Lydon
    • Evan M. White
      Evan M. White
      New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
      More by Evan M. White
    • Joe B. Grubbs III
      Joe B. Grubbs, III
      New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
      More by Joe B. Grubbs, III
    • Erin K. Lipp
      Erin K. Lipp
      Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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    • Jason Locklin
      Jason Locklin
      College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
      Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
      New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
      More by Jason Locklin
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-2403
    • Jenna R. Jambeck
      Jenna R. Jambeck
      College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
      New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
      More by Jenna R. Jambeck
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 10, 5700–5709
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06688
    Published April 19, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society
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    Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (poly(3HB-co-3HHx)) thermoplastics are a promising biodegradable alternative to traditional plastics for many consumer applications. Biodegradation measured by gaseous carbon loss of several types of poly(3HB-co-3HHx) plastic was investigated under anaerobic conditions and aerobic seawater environments. Under anaerobic conditions, the biodegradation levels of a manufactured sheet of poly(3HB-co-3HHx) and cellulose powder were not significantly different from one another over 85 days with 77.1 ± 6.1 and 62.9 ± 19.7% of the carbon converted to gas, respectively. However, the sheet of poly(3HB-co-3HHx) had significantly higher methane yield (p ≤ 0.05), 483.8 ± 35.2 mL·g–1 volatile solid (VS), compared to cellulose controls, 290.1 ± 92.7 mL·g–1 VS, which is attributed to a greater total carbon content. Under aerobic seawater conditions (148–195 days at room temperature), poly(3HB-co-3HHx) sheets were statistically similar to cellulose for biodegradation as gaseous carbon loss (up to 83% loss in about 6 months), although the degradation rate was lower than that for cellulose. The microbial diversity was investigated in both experiments to explore the dominant bacteria associated with biodegradation of poly(3HB-co-3HHx) plastic. For poly(3HB-co-3HHx) treatments, Cloacamonales and Thermotogales were enriched under anaerobic sludge conditions, while Clostridiales, Gemmatales, Phycisphaerales, and Chlamydiales were the most enriched under aerobic seawater conditions.

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    • Supporting Information and methods. Characteristics and properties of samples. Barcodes for forward and reverse primers used for 16S rRNA gene sample tagging. PERMANOVA tables. Data on dominant bacterial orders. 1H NMR spectra. DSC and GPC data. Visualization of samples before and after the experiments. CH4 and CO2concentrations in the digester in anaerobic biodegradation. TGA and DTG data (PDF)

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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 10, 5700–5709
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06688
    Published April 19, 2018
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