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Temporal Trends in Atmospheric PM2.5, PM10, Elemental Carbon, Organic Carbon, Water-Soluble Organic Carbon, and Optical Properties: Impact of Biomass Burning Emissions in The Indo-Gangetic Plain

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    Temporal Trends in Atmospheric PM2.5, PM10, Elemental Carbon, Organic Carbon, Water-Soluble Organic Carbon, and Optical Properties: Impact of Biomass Burning Emissions in The Indo-Gangetic Plain
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    † Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
    ‡ Department of Civil Engineering and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
    *E-mail: [email protected]; tel: +91 79 26314306; fax: +91 79 26301502.
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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 2, 686–695
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/es202857w
    Published December 12, 2011
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    The first simultaneous measurements and analytical data on atmospheric concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, inorganic constituents, carbonaceous species, and their optical properties (aerosol optical depth, AOD; absorption coefficient, babs; mass absorption efficiency, σabs; and single scattering albedo, SSA) from an urban site (Kanpur) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain are reported here. Significantly high aerosol mass concentration (>100 μg m–3) and AOD (> 0.3) are seen as a characteristic feature throughout the sampling period, from October 2008 to April 2009. The temporal variability in the mass fractions of carbonaceous species (EC, OC, and WSOC) is pronounced during October–January when emissions from biomass burning are dominant and OC is a major constituent (∼30%) of PM2.5 mass. The WSOC/OC ratio varies from 0.21 to 0.65, suggesting significant contribution from secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). The mass fraction of SO42– in PM2.5 (Av: 12.5%) exceeds that of NO3– and NH4+. Aerosol absorption coefficient (@ 678 nm) decreases from 90 Mm–1 (in December) to 20 Mm–1 (in April), and a linear regression analysis of the data for babs and EC (n = 54) provides a measure of the mass absorption efficiency of EC (9.6 m2 g–1). In contrast, scattering coefficient (@ 678 nm) increases from 98 Mm–1 (in January) to 1056 Mm–1 (in April) and an average mass scattering efficiency of 3.0 ± 0.9 m2 g–1 is obtained for PM10 samples. The highest bscat was associated with the dust storm event (April 17, 2009) over northern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southern Turkey; thus, resulting in high SSA (0.93 ± 0.02) during March–April compared to 0.82 ± 0.04 in October–February. These results have implications to large temporal variability in the atmospheric radiative forcing due to aerosols over northern India.

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    Figure S1: stacked column plots for the monthly averaged concentrations of various chemical species in the total aerosol mass (in PM10 samples) at Kanpur during measurement period. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 2, 686–695
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