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Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Hierarchically Structured Si/WO3 Core–Shell Tandem Photoanodes

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    Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Hierarchically Structured Si/WO3 Core–Shell Tandem Photoanodes
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    † Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beckman Institute, Kavli Nanoscience Institute, and the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, 210 Noyes Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
    ‡ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
    *E-mail: (N.S.L.) [email protected]
    *E-mail: (P.V.B.) [email protected]
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    Cite this: Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 5, 2310–2317
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/nl404623t
    Published March 28, 2014
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    Abstract

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    WO3 thin films have been deposited in a hierarchically structured core–shell morphology, with the cores consisting of an array of Si microwires and the shells consisting of a controlled morphology WO3 layer. Porosity was introduced into the WO3 outer shell by using a self-assembled microsphere colloidal crystal as a mask during the deposition of the WO3 shell. Compared to conformal, unstructured WO3 shells on Si microwires, the hierarchically structured core–shell photoanodes exhibited enhanced near-visible spectral response behavior, due to increased light absorption and reduced distances over which photogenerated carriers were collected. The use of structured substrates also improved the growth rate of microsphere-based colloidal crystals and suggests strategies for the use of colloidal materials in large-scale applications.

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    A detailed description of the materials, synthetic methods, and characterization/simulation protocols of plain and porous core–shell microwires; SEM micrographs of the large-scale infiltration of the microwire array by colloids and large-area porous core–shell templating; fractional absorption-depth profiles from FDTD simulations. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Cite this: Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 5, 2310–2317
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/nl404623t
    Published March 28, 2014
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