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Lithium Ion Battery Graphite Solid Electrolyte Interphase Revealed by Microscopy and Spectroscopy

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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 3, 1257-1267
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    Lithium Ion Battery Graphite Solid Electrolyte Interphase Revealed by Microscopy and Spectroscopy
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    † University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
    ‡ Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
    *E-mail: [email protected]
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    The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

    Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 3, 1257–1267
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/jp3118055
    Published January 4, 2013
    Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    The surface reactions of electrolytes with the graphitic anode of lithium ion batteries have been investigated. The investigation utilizes two novel techniques, which are enabled by the use of binder-free graphite anodes. The first method, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, allows straightforward analysis of the graphite solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The second method utilizes multi-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of D2O extracts from the cycled anodes. The TEM and NMR data are complemented by XPS and FTIR data, which are routinely used for SEI studies. Cells were cycled with LiPF6 and ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and EC/EMC blends. This unique combination of techniques establishes that for EC/LiPF6 electrolytes, the graphite SEI is ∼50 nm thick after the first full lithiation cycle, and predominantly contains lithium ethylene dicarbonate (LEDC) and LiF. In cells containing EMC/LiPF6 electrolytes, the graphite SEI is nonuniform, ∼10–20 nm thick, and contains lithium ethyl carbonate (LEC), lithium methyl carbonate (LMC), and LiF. In cells containing EC/EMC/LiPF6 electrolytes, the graphite SEI is ∼50 nm thick, and predominantly contains LEDC, LMC, and LiF.

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    The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

    Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 3, 1257–1267
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    Published January 4, 2013
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