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Nanocrystal Grain Growth and Device Architectures for High-Efficiency CdTe Ink-Based Photovoltaics

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    Nanocrystal Grain Growth and Device Architectures for High-Efficiency CdTe Ink-Based Photovoltaics
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    † National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
    ‡ Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
    § Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
    ∥ Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
    *Address correspondence to [email protected], [email protected]
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    ACS Nano

    Cite this: ACS Nano 2014, 8, 9, 9063–9072
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/nn502442g
    Published August 18, 2014
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    Abstract

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    We study the use of cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanocrystal colloids as a solution-processable “ink” for large-grain CdTe absorber layers in solar cells. The resulting grain structure and solar cell performance depend on the initial nanocrystal size, shape, and crystal structure. We find that inks of predominantly wurtzite tetrapod-shaped nanocrystals with arms ∼5.6 nm in diameter exhibit better device performance compared to inks composed of smaller tetrapods, irregular faceted nanocrystals, or spherical zincblende nanocrystals despite the fact that the final sintered film has a zincblende crystal structure. Five different working device architectures were investigated. The indium tin oxide (ITO)/CdTe/zinc oxide structure leads to our best performing device architecture (with efficiency >11%) compared to others including two structures with a cadmium sulfide (CdS) n-type layer typically used in high efficiency sublimation-grown CdTe solar cells. Moreover, devices without CdS have improved response at short wavelengths.

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    TEM and SEM images characterizing the NC ink, extensive data on device optimization, and current/light soaking effects. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    ACS Nano

    Cite this: ACS Nano 2014, 8, 9, 9063–9072
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/nn502442g
    Published August 18, 2014
    Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society
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