Acceptor Percolation Determines How Electron-Accepting Additives Modify Transport of Ambipolar Polymer Organic Field-Effect TransistorsClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Michael J. Ford*Michael J. Ford*E-mail: [email protected]Materials Department, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids and Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United StatesMore by Michael J. Ford
- Ming WangMing WangCenter for Polymers and Organic Solids, Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United StatesMore by Ming Wang
- Karen C. BustilloKaren C. BustilloNational Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United StatesMore by Karen C. Bustillo
- Jianyu YuanJianyu YuanInstitute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. ChinaMore by Jianyu Yuan
- Thuc-Quyen NguyenThuc-Quyen NguyenCenter for Polymers and Organic Solids, Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United StatesMore by Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Guillermo C. Bazan*Guillermo C. Bazan*E-mail: [email protected]Materials Department, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United StatesMore by Guillermo C. Bazan
Abstract
![Abstract Image](/cms/10.1021/acsnano.8b03006/asset/images/medium/nn-2018-03006w_0004.gif)
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) that utilize ambipolar polymer semiconductors can benefit from the ability of both electron and hole conduction, which is necessary for complementary circuits. However, simultaneous hole and electron transport in organic field-effect transistors result in poor ON/OFF ratios, limiting potential applications. Solution processing methods have been developed to control charge transport properties and transform ambipolar conduction to hole-only conduction. The electron-acceptor phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), when mixed in solution with an ambipolar semiconducting polymer, can reduce electron conduction. Unipolar p-type OFETs with high, well-defined ON/OFF ratios and without detrimental effects on hole conduction are achieved for a wide range of blend compositions, from 95:5 to 5:95 wt % semiconductor polymer:PC61BM. When introducing the alternative acceptor N,N′-bis(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4:9,10-perylenediimide (PDI), high ON/OFF ratios are achieved for 95:5 wt % semiconductor polymer:PDI; however, electron conduction increases for 50:50 and 5:95 wt % semiconductor polymer:PDI. As described within, we show that electron conduction is practically eliminated when additive domains do not percolate across the OFET channel, that is, electrons are “morphologically trapped”. Morphologies were characterized by optical, electron, and atomic force microscopy as well as X-ray scattering techniques. PC61BM was substituted with an endohedral Lu3N fullerene, which enhanced contrast in electron microscopy and allowed for more detailed insight into the blend morphologies. Blends with alternative, nonfullerene acceptors further emphasize the importance of morphology and acceptor percolation, providing insights for such blends that control ambipolar transport and ON/OFF ratios.
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